Materials Literature
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Interfaces and hence electrodes determine the performance of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) capacitors for ultralarge scale integration dynamic random access memories. Electrode materials forming a rectifying contact on BST drastically reduce the dielectric constant and hence the capacitance and charge storage density of the capac…
Third-harmonic microscopy is shown to be a powerful tool for the study of liquid crystal structures. The third-harmonic probe enables the investigation of molecular order well inside a liquid crystal cell. The observation of phase transition in various nematic liquid crystal samples is presented as a demonstration for…
Instant photography, epitomized by Polaroid films is characterized by the rapid appearance of an image after exposure. We describe here an instant off-axis holographic process, characterized by exposures as short as 5 ns and an instant display process, not requiring any wet chemical processing. The holograms are made…
Below the N\`eel temperature $({T}_{N})$ a layered antiferromagnetic (AF) ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.45}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.55}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ crystal is metallic within the ferromagnetic (F) layers ( $\mathrm{ab}$ plane), while insulating along the AF-coupling direction ( $c$ axis), showing an extremely large anisotropy in r…
The growth and properties of ZnGa2O4:Mn thin-film phosphors on single crystal substrates using pulsed-laser deposition were investigated. Epitaxial film properties were compared to polycrystalline films deposited on glass substrates. Green photoluminescence was observed for as-deposited films with no postannealing req…
Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has been used to probe the chain orientation of polyvinyl alcohol at the surface after rubbing. The distribution function of the chain orientation is determined quantitatively. The orientational order parameter of the chains deduced from the distribution matches well with that of…
The sensitivity of extended x-ray-absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to thermal expansion has been studied by temperature-dependent measurements on germanium. The first cumulant does not reproduce the thermal expansion owing to vibrations normal to the bond. The perpendicular relative displacement $〈\ensuremath{\Delta}…
The resistivities of individual multiwalled pure and boron-doped carbon nanotubes have been measured in the temperature range from 25 to 300 °C. The connection patterns were formed by depositing two-terminal tungsten wires on a nanotube using focused-ion-beam lithography. A decrease of the resistivity with increasing…
We present an experimental study of forced drainage through a soap foam, where a constant liquid flux at the top of a dry foam produces a downwards traveling wave with a constant velocity and uniform liquid content. The results are not consistent with existing models and we propose a new model, based upon relaxing the…
We have directly measured the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of multiwall carbon nanotubes by pulling very long (∼2 mm) aligned nanotube ropes with a specially designed stress-strain puller. This puller can apply an axial force to the rope and simultaneously measure the corresponding rope elongation and the chan…
We demonstrate with LSDA $+U$ calculations that x-ray scattering at the $K$ edge of Mn is sensitive to orbital ordering in one energy range and Jahn-Teller distortion in another. Contrary to what is suggested by atomic or cluster models used to date we show that band structure effects rather than local Coulomb interac…
A lightly doped manganite ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.88}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.12}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ exhibits a phase transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{OO}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}145\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ from a ferromagnetic metal ( ${T}_{C}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}172\…
A possible scenario for electric-field induced critical current enhancement in screw dislocated YBCO thin films is proposed based on the converse piezoelectric effect originated from a heavily defected medium of the superconducting films in an applied electric field. The magnitude of the effect is found to depend conc…
In recent years due to improvements in calculation methods and increased computer power, it has become possible to perform first-principles investigations for ``simple'' chemical reactions at surfaces. We have carried out such studies for the catalytic oxidation of CO at transition metal surfaces, in particular, at th…
In a nearly half-metallic ferromagnet, such as a material exhibiting ``colossal'' magnetoresistance, the minority spin electrons close to the band edge at the Fermi energy are Anderson localized due to disorder; thus only majority electrons conduct current. This presents a unique electronic structure for which the lin…
Crystalline, size-selected Si nanocrystals in the size range 1.8–10 nm grown in inverse micellar cages exhibit highly structured optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) across the visible range of the spectrum. The most intense PL for the smallest nanocrystals produced (∼2 nm) was in the blue (∼365 nm) with a ra…
We report tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) measurements on $\mathrm{Co}/{\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ junctions. The half-metallic ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ electrode is used as a spin analyzer. The large $(\ensuremath{-}50%)$ inverse TMR…
The recently completed Department of Energy (DOE) and industry sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) entitled, ''Electron Beam Curing of Polymer Matrix Composites,'' determined that the interlaminar shear strength properties of the best electron beam cured IM7/epoxy composites were 19-28% lo…
In this work, blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were prepared. LLDPE was used as an impact modifier. Since the system was found to be incompatible, compatibilization was sought for by the addition of the following two types of functionalized polyethylene: ethylene…
Benzoic and stearic acids are shown to react with 2- bisbenzothiazole-2,2′-disulfide (MBTS) and its polysulfides (MBTP) at vulcanization temperatures to form acid-accelerator complexes 2-benzoylthiobenzothiazole (BzM) and stearicthiobenzothiazole (StM), respectively. At higher temperatures MBTS, MBTP, BzM, and StM are…