Materials Literature
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Two of the sugars involved in the protection of living organisms, trehalose and sucrose, were employed to analyze the effect of different salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, NaCl) on sugar crystallization kinetics. The conductivity behavior in supercooled aqueous sugar–salt systems was also studied to evaluate the extent of wat…
Fluids consisting of hard platelike particles near a hard wall are investigated using density-functional theory. The density and orientational profiles, as well as the surface tension and the excess coverage, are determined and compared with those of a fluid of rodlike particles. Even for low densities, slight orienta…
Low-temperature spin dynamics of the double-layered perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}2x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1+2x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ (LSMO327) was systematically studied in a wide hole concentration range $(0.3<~x<0.5).$ The spin-wave dispersion, which is almost perfectly two-dimensional, has…
Abstract A novel side‐chain, liquid‐crystalline ionomer (SLCI) with a poly(methyl hydrosiloxane) main chain and side chains containing sulfonic acid groups was used in blends of polyamide‐1010 (PA1010) and polypropylene (PP) as a compatibilizer. The morphological structure, thermal behavior, and liquid‐crystalline pro…
Abstract With the use of macromonomers that have a dicarboxyl group, polycarbonate–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PC–PMMA) graft copolymers were prepared, and the relationship between the length of PMMA branches and Vickers hardness of the graft copolymer was investigated. With the use of the PC–PMMA graft copolymer as a…
Abstract The bulk modification of SBS rubber with maleic anhydride in a mixing chamber of a Haake rheomixer was studied. The effect of temperature, maleic anhydride, and benzoyl peroxide concentrations on the grafting efficiency was evaluated. High grafting efficiency was achieved when the ratio of peroxide and maleic…
Abstract Ethylene—propylene—diene functionalized with mercapto groups (EPDMSH) was employed as compatibilizing agent for natural rubber (NR)/EPDM blends, resulting in a substantial increase of the ultimate tensile strength of these blends without affecting the elongation at break. There is also a decrease of the curin…
When one considers systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals, there are various aspects of the ordering that one wishes to quantify. Two properties of the system that one wishes to identify are its overall director, and the extent to which it exhibits biaxiality. We give an exposition of some standard…
We have investigated nematic and smectic surface-induced ordering in the isotropic phase of the 4-cyano-4'-n-octylbiphenyl liquid crystal on silanated BK7 and LaSF glass using atomic force spectroscopy and Brewster angle ellipsometry. We have observed complete wetting of the silanated glass surfaces with the nematic p…
The europium hexafluoroacetylacetonate complex Eu(hfac)3(diglyme) was synthesized to examine its fluorescence and conversion to a Eu(II) analog. Reaction of Eu(hfac)3(diglyme) with potassium produced the unexpected trivalent product [EuF(hfac)3K(diglyme)]2. This reduction system was studied further by synthesizing oth…
The location of chemical defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can easily be identified as is presented in this communication. The method relies on the formation of Se nanoparticles via site-selective oxidation of H2Se, which works under soft conditions at room temperature and is able to reveal the defect…
Abstract New water‐soluble grafted polysaccharides containing sulfobetaine groups were synthesized by the grafting of the sulfobetaine‐type zwitterionic monomer 3‐dimethyl‐(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS) onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in the presence of a ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)/ethyle…
Abstract New semicrystalline polyimide/oligoimide blends, designated for matrices in carbon fiber‐reinforced composites, were developed. A specific advantage of the proposed polyimides is their ability to crystallize from the melt, therein retaining their crystallinity throughout the manufacturing process. The generat…
Abstract Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) blends with the PGMA content up to 30 wt % were prepared by a solution‐precipitation procedure. The thermal decomposition of PHB/PGMA blends was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and differenti…
The thermal conductivity of diamond crystals with different isotope contents is evaluated in the framework of a microscopic model that considers acoustic- and optical-phonon branches. The phonon Boltzmann equation is solved iteratively, with the phonon wave vectors taken in the real Brillouin zone and the three-phonon…
The polycondensation of [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane was performed in bulk, using 98 wt % formic acid (molar ratio HCOOH/Si = 3 or 6), at 50 or 70 °C, for periods of time of up to 1 month. The resulting silsesquioxanes (SSOs) were characterized by 1 H NMR, FTIR, SEC, UV−MALDI−TOF MS (linear, reflector, and…
This colloquium discusses the atomic structure of carbon nanotubes as deduced from high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction in transmission through a single nanotube. The principal features of the observed micrographs are interpreted in terms of the cylindrical, chiral geometry of the atomic distri…
Fabrication of an oxide−oxide nanocomposite, containing a homogeneous dispersion of NdAlO 3 nanocrystals in an Al 2 O 3 matrix, is achieved by employing a single molecular compound, [NdAl 3 (OPr i ) 12 (Pr i OH)], in the sol−gel process. X-ray diffraction patterns of the composite material show NdAlO 3 to be the only…
In this study, bubble production in a glass of champagne was used as a common tool to illustrate and better understand the nonclassical heterogeneous bubble nucleation from pre-existing gas cavities, referred as type IV nucleation in a recent review article (Jones et al. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci . 1999, 80, 27−50).…
Ultrafast optical switching from an ionic ( I) to a neutral ( N) state in TTF-CA was observed in femtosecond reflection spectroscopy. Charge transfer excitation in the I phase produces N donor ( D0) acceptor ( A0) strings within 2 ps. These initial N states decay with a lifetime of 300 ps at 4 K, but rather multiply l…