Materials Literature
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The Curie temperatures of lead zirconate titanate‐based (PZT‐based) composites that were incorporated with silver particles were evaluated as a function of the silver content. Although the substitution of the silver ion has been considered to decrease the Curie temperature, PZT/silver composites exhibited higher Curie…
The Brazilian National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) has a dedicated protein crystallography beamline. The optical elements of the beamline include an elastically bent cylindrical mirror and a triangular bent-crystal monochromator, which focus synchrotron radiation at the position of the sample in the vertical a…
Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate interlayer structure in hydrated Li−smectites (hectorite, beidellite, or montmorillonite with interlayer Li + ) at low water content (H 2 O/Li = 3). Previous spectroscopic studies of these stable clay mineral hydrates have led to interlayer str…
The dielectric property comparison between laser-ablated Mn-doped and undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films at low frequency (100 kHz) and at microwave frequencies has been demonstrated. The dielectric properties were characterized at low frequency using interdigital capacitors, and at microwave frequencies with cop…
Two-dimensional molecular clusters of a few tens nanometer size were found in spread monolayers of a series of partially fluorinated long-chain acids. Atomic force microscopy images have revealed that the size of the clusters is sharply monodisperse. The size changes systematically with changing structure of the hydro…
An analysis of transverse cracks induced in brittle coatings on soft substrates by spherical indenters is developed. The transverse cracks are essentially axisymmetric and geometrically conelike, with variant forms dependent on the location of initiation: outer cracks that initiate at the top surface outside the conta…
Neutron reflectivity measurements on polystyrene thin films (6.5–79.0 nm thick) supported on silicon substrates indicate that the mass density is near the bulk value regardless of film thickness. To account for possible inaccuracies arising from sample misalignment, reflectivity measurements were made both from the fr…
Spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is rapidly developing into a unique and powerful tool to characterize internal interfaces. Because atomic column resolved Z-contrast imaging can be performed simultaneously with EELS in the scanning transmission electron microscope, this combination allows th…
We have studied a composite system formed by a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal in which small silica particles have been dispersed. The colloids are aggregated and exert a randomizing effect on the nematic structure. The distorted pattern of the optical axis gives rise to a strong optical turbidity \ensuremath{\ta…
The macroscopic fracture response of real materials originates from the competition and interplay of several atomic‐scale mechanisms of decohesion and shear, such as inter‐planar cleavage and dislocation nucleation and motion. These phenomena involve processes over a wide range of length scales, from the atomic to the…
Many pharmaceutical compounds of interest form hydrates. The phase behavior of different particle size fractions of trehalose dihydrate was studied as the sugar was dehydrated by heating. Hot-stage microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to char…
An anomalous increase of electric conduction with decreasing temperature was found in the current through ${\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i},\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{f}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{c}/\mathrm…
The radio-frequency plasma polymerization technique was used to polymerize aniline onto polymer substrates including perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer. The plasma-polyaniline films were characterized by ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron spin resona…
Faster workstations with larger memories are making error estimation from full-matrix least-squares refinement a more practicable technique in protein crystallography. Using minimum variance weighting, estimated standard deviations of atomic positions have been calculated for two eye lens proteins from the inverse of…
We present specific-heat and ac-susceptibility measurements providing more evidence that magnetic quantum tunneling occurs in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$Ac spin clusters. The total anisotropy energy barrier determined by fitting an Arrhenius law to the magnetic relaxation time is underestimated when compared to the specific-…
The internal-friction spectra of a thermoelastic martensitic transformation are usually obtained as a function of temperature with $\mathrm{T\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}\ensuremath{\ne}0$ and show three---phase transition, transitory, and intrinsic---contributions. This paper proposes a systematic method to analyze…
We report the results of a computer simulation of the evolution of structure in a two component fluid consisting of a liquid phase and a dispersed colloidal phase subjected to a uniaxial field. Our primary objective is to understand the mechanism and kinetics of coarsening and the emergence of crystallinity. Using an…
Two theories, the high field model (HFM), and variants thereof, and the point defect model (PDM), have been advanced to account for the properties of thin anodic passive films (barrier layers). The HFM states that, under potentiostatic conditions, the electric field strength in a passive film decreases as the film thi…
Electronic and magnetic properties are systematically investigated for doped manganites ${R}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(R={\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{z})$ by changing the nominal hole concentration $x$ and the averaged ionic radius of the perovskite $A$ site $(z),$ or t…
This review of metallodendrimers has two main goals: first, to illustrate the various structure types of metallodendrimers, demonstrating their substantial structural diversity, and second, to highlight their applications, either potential or already coming into existence. Applications include metallodendrimers as nan…