Materials Literature
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The technology of plasticizers fostered an enormous growth in use of plastics. It provided dozens of industries with a progressively widened spectrum of useful new materials whose flexibility (and concomitant physical properties) could be tailored to a need. It preceded by many years the appearance of synthetic commer…
In 1979 at the American Chemical Society/Chemical Society of Japan Chemical Congress in Honolulu, the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry sponsored a symposium entitled "Resins for Aerospace." This was an acknowledgment and tribute to the fact that the aerospace industry is a heavy contributor to the u…
The transport of small molecules, such as gases, vapors, or liquids, in polymers has been of intense interest to engineers and scientists for many years. Early studies of gas transport in elastomers were motivated by concerns about gas loss or interchange from automobile inner tubes, rubber balloons, cable insulation,…
The term "corrosion" has been applied to a wide variety of processes that have in common a degradation of the chemical or physical state of a material upon exposure to an aggressive environment. More commonly, the term is restricted to chemical degradation of a metal by its environment. The technological and economic…
The common central structural feature of organic macromolecules is the chain of covalently bonded atoms. Bond lengths and bond angles are rather rigidly fixed, but restricted rotation about single bonds permits a polymer chain to assume a wide range of three-dimensional conformations. At elevated temperatures, bond ro…
The first coherent, single-crystal, magnetic rare-earth superlattices of Gd-Y were grown by metal molecular-beam epitaxy. X-ray structural analysis showed that the superlattices have a composition modulation of two atomic-layer-sharp interfaces with the modulation amplitude approaching 100%. The magnetic properties ar…
We present a first-principles theory for the quasiparticle energies of semiconductors and insulators. The full dielectric matrix is used to evaluate the nonlocal, energy-dependent electron self-energy operator. Both local-field effects and dynamical screening are found to be essential for understanding quasiparticle e…
ABSTRACT A correlation which is a function of the reservoir temperature and the heptanes plus mole fraction has been developed to predict the maximum condensation during pressure depletion of retrograde condensate fluid reservoirs. A generalized equation of state has been used in phase behavior calculations. The phase…
ABSTRACT The chemical instability of Polyacrylamide polymer during both polymer and micellar-polymer flooding can seriously affect flood performance. Results of this study utilizing special laboratory techniques and long-term tests to simulate conditions typical of petroleum reservoirs show the effects of key variable…
Precise measurements of the X-ray attenuation coefficient of crystalline silicon have been made in the energy range 25 to 50 keV. The results are compared with theoretical predictions and earlier measurements. A systematic discrepancy between theory and experiment is observed. The most likely cause of the disagreement…
The electron-vibronic band with its no-phonon (NP) transition at 0.9351 eV which was recently detected in heat-treated silicon is strong after irradiation of silicon and has been studied in high-resolution photoluminescence. The defect exhibits a quasi-local mode of quantum energy h(cross) omega =66.3 meV which is obs…
Magnetocaloric experiments are performed in an attempt to decide whether S-shaped magnetization versus field curves M(B) of MnAs1−xPx-crystals (x = 0.08, x = 0.09) are due to magnetization processes or reflect a transition between two different magnetic states. Extra heats of formation which are observed under adiabat…
Electrical conductivity, σ, and thermoelectric power (Seebeck coefficient), S, of glassy As40Se60−xTex (x = 10, 20, 30, and 40) are investigated. The difference between activation energies for σ and S does not monotonically change with Te content. The experimental data are interpreted by a parallel conduction model, w…
Recent EPR studies of the 4d1 configuration ion Zr3+ in the tetragonal-symmetry orthophosphate hosts LuPO4, YPO4, and ScPO4, have led to additional investigations of d1 configuration ions associated with unusual valence states of other elements. Single crystals of LuPO4, YPO4, and ScPO4 doped with hafnium were grown a…
A theoretical analysis of the experiments of Holland and Hall [Phys. Rev. B 27, 7765 (1983)] is given. The metal-island film is characterized by an effective anisotropic dielectric function. Formulas for reflection and transmission coefficients for an anisotropic layered structure are given. Calculated normal and non-…
We have studied the oscillator strength of the lowest 1s heavy excitons in GaAs-AlAs quantum wells as a function of well-layer thickness by means of optical absorption. The oscillator strength of the lowest 1s heavy excitons is largely enhanced with the decrease of well-layer thickness. The result is the first full ex…
The dielectric constants along the c ' axis of Cs 3 H(SeO 4 ) 2 and its deuterated crystal were measured in a temperature range from 5 K to 460 K. It was found that Cs 3 H(SeO 4 ) 2 undergoes three phase transitions at 451 K, 364 K and 50 K. The dielectric constant of Cs 3 H(SeO 4 ) 2 shows a small peak at 50 K, and i…
A 3-D Penrose transformation is found. The expansion rates, τ 3 in linear dimension and τ 9 in volume, are by far the larger than τ and τ 3 respectively ever believed. The transformation decides only the skeleton uniquely, leaving some other degrees of freedom undecided. It strikingly differs from the deterministic 2-…
The effect of pressure on the thermal hysteresis of the high-spin (5T2) ∏ low-spin (1A1) transition in [Fe(phy)2](BF4)2 and [Fe(phy)2](ClO4)2 has been studied (phy=1, 10-phenanthroline-2-carbaldehyde phenylhydrazone). An increase of the hysteresis width ΔTc as well as of the residual fractions nres5T2 and (1−n5T2)res…
The powder Raman spectra and the polarized infrared absorption spectra of a polycrystalline oriented film of (1:1) CT complex of 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine (M2P) with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are reported together with the polarized reflectance infrared spectra of a mosaic of single crystals [(…