Materials Literature
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The interaction of graphite grains with a hot gas is investigated. Detailed computations, based on experimental data and simple theoretical models, are presented of the energy transfer by gas particle collisions and of the sputtering rates and grain lifetimes, as functions of gas temperature and grain radius. The elec…
Deformation twinning in f.o.c. crystals has been investigated by vising silver-and copper-alloy crystals, which were deformed in tension at temperatures down to 4·2°K. Problems mainly concerned are (1) the nucleation process with particular relation to cross-slip and (2) the suppression of the growth of twins in high-…
The general theory of the third-order electronic susceptibility has been specialized to some model systems in order to evaluate the associated nonlinear refractive index of solid materials. The results indicate oppositely signed terms of comparable magnitude, and it is found that the dominant positive contribution inv…
Abstract The most highly reinforcing fillers, namely carbon blacks and silicas, consist of aggregates of quasi-spherical particles fused together. In the absence of direct experimental studies with single-particle carbon blacks or silicas of high surface area, we cannot be sure if aggregated structure is essential for…
Mild plasma cleaning of metal surfaces was shown to be effective in removing organic contaminants. Auger electron spectroscopy and surface wettability measurements were used to evaluate the plasma cleaning procedure and to provide a comparison with conventional solvent cleaning methods.
The phase diagram of the Mn–Bi system near the compound MnBi was studied with single crystals in the as-grown and heat-treated states. The results show that the high-temperature phase of MnBi is in fact a separate compound with chemical formula Mn1.08Bi, when grown from a Bi-rich solution. It was found that the transf…
Dynamic compressive stress-strain data of several polymer foams obtained from uniaxial compressive tests over a wide range of loading rates are presented. For the tests with lower loading rates, an electro- hydraulically operated tester was used, while the higher rate test data were obtained by a gravity-operated drop…
The M\"ossbauer spectra produced by ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$-at.% ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ and 0.5-at.% ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ doped in the normal spinels ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and Zn${…
Using temperature as a pitting criterion, the effects of Mo and other supplementary alloying additions on the pit initiation resistance of wholly austenitic stainless steel containing nominally 18% Cr have been evaluated. Quantitative results for Mo, Cu, Ni, Mn, N, and Si alloy additions are presented and empirical re…
It is predicted theoretically and justified experimentally that infrared reflectances are proportional to the concentrations of the vibrational species causing them. In the binary Li 2 O-, Na 2 O-, and K 2 O-SiO 2 glasses used in this study, the reflection peaks have been assigned to vibrations of single silicon-oxyge…
The Raman spectrum of glassy carbon has been measured. Two broad lines are observed at 1340 and 1590 cm−1. These results are consistent with the turbostratic structure, which has been suggested for glassy carbon, with a particle size La of approximately 30 Å.
Linear equations are derived in direct space, which express the relation between the electron densities of crystals built from the same molecule, but with different lattices or several identical subunits in their asymmetric units. They are shown to be equivalent to the most general 'molecular-replacement' phase equati…
The magnitude and sign (positive) of the molecular hyperpolarizability γ has been determined for several mixtures of nitrobenzene and benzene. This has allowed the testing of the adequacy of Onsager's local field factors, which are found to be valid. By comparing γ of nitrobenzene with that of nitromethane, we find th…
A dislocation climb model of the low-temperature, steady-state, irradiation creep of non-fissile materials is presented. The predicted creep rate is a linear function of the applied stress and the irradiating flux and is independent of temperature.
In the liquid crystalline phases of many organic materials molecular end chains take part in the ordering process. For a single chain, this ordering is calculated by exact summation over all conformations of a chain in the molecular field due to the neighboring molecules. The nematic orientational ordering of a system…
The susceptibility of an array of fine nickel particles was measured as a function of temperature from 1.5 to 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at a frequency of 5 kHz. The particles were formed by cosputtering nickel with Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ or ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and varied in diameter betw…
The structure and resistivity of vanadium dioxide films close to the metal-semiconductor transition have been studied as a function of stoichiometry. Unit-cell volume is shown to go through a minimum and the transition temperature and resistivity ratio through a maximum at the apparent stoichiometric oxygen level. The…
Abstract We have proposed a new hypothesis that the acid sites on binary metal oxides are formed by an excess of a negative or positive charge in the mixed oxides and that whether the charge is excess or not, and whether it is positive or negative, are determined by the coordination numbers and valences of the positiv…
The present review is devoted to discussion of the principal stages of development of mirror electron microscopy. In the mirror electron microscope (MEM) the electron beam is reflected in a retarding electric field near the sample surface, and as a result the object being studied is not subjected to bombardment by the…
Light scattering has been used to study phase separation near the critical point in a binary mixture of methanol and cyclohexane. The intensity measurements are in conformity with the spinodal decomposition theory of Cahn. Measurements were also made of the spectral width of the scattered light in the phase separation…