Materials Literature
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Multiwall carbon nanotubes can be bent by changing the current density of the electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. The effect could be observed in a small fraction of nanotubes in the investigated samples. The bending can be varied continuously, is reversible, and highly reproducible. On removing the f…
A method for lowering the processing temperature of PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) films was developed utilizing a laser-assisted two-step process. In the first step, perovskite phase was initiated in the PZT films to a furnace anneal at low temperatures in the range of 470–550 °C, depending on the Zr/Ti ratio. Later, the films w…
Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation reveal many unusual features of stoichiometric $(\mathrm{MnO}{)}_{x}$ $(x\ensuremath{\le}9)$ clusters that contrast with their bulk behavior. The clusters are ferromagnetic and carry atomiclike magnetic moments ranging fro…
The use of anodic oxidation as a post-treatment of porous silicon has been investigated to enhance the external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence from a device based on a thin transparent indium tin oxide contact on porosified n+-type silicon. Enhancement in external quantum efficiency of three orders of magni…
Dispersing 1D bands have been observed for the first time in an organic conductor by high resolution photoemission experiments on TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane). Their properties are extremely unusual: the bandwidth is much larger than traditional estimates, and the quasiparticle states are str…
The ac field dependence of dielectric response of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films is presented. The analysis of amplitude and phase angle of first and third harmonic of the polarization at subswitching fields shows that a description of the dielectric nonlinearity by the classical polynomial approximation is i…
Phase transitions in submicrometric Ga droplets confined in epoxy resin are studied by combining energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD), x-ray absorption fine structure, and single-energy x-ray absorption. The restricted fluid is undercooled down to 150 K while the melting point is depressed down to 254 K. Meltin…
The properties of ferroelectric films are known to degrade when subjected to hydrogen in forming gas anneals. Earlier studies have attributed this degradation to the loss of oxygen from these films during these anneals. In this study, we show that though oxygen is lost during forming gas annealing, hydrogen incorporat…
Specimen Preparation Procedures in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis. Specimen Preparation in X-Ray Fluorescence. Specimen Preparation in X-Ray Diffraction. Specific Areas of Specimen Preparation in X-Ray Powder Diffraction. Special Problems in the Preparation of X-Ray Diffraction Specimens. Specimen Preparation for Camera…
Ac conductivity measurements were carried out on polycrystalline samples of a ferrimagnetic spinel (Zn0.44Mn0.56Fe2O4) and a ferroelectric perovskite (Sr0.25Bi4Ti3.25O12.75), in the temperature range 20–160 and 20–660 °C, respectively, and in the frequency range 5 Hz–13 MHz. The impedance response in both cases could…
We study the time evolution of a sessile liquid droplet, which is initially put onto a solid surface in a non-equilibrium configuration and then evolves towards its equilibrium shape. We adapt here the standard approach to the dynamics of mechanical dissipative systems, in which the driving force, i.e. the gradient of…
We introduce a simple mode-coupling model for concentrated suspensions under flow. This model exhibits a jamming transition and stress vs shear rate relations which are very similar to experimental results. Namely, a Newtonian regime or yield stress are followed by a slow variation of the stress for higher shear rates…
Carrier-induced ferromagnetism in the doped diluted magnetic semiconductors $(\mathrm{In},\mathrm{Mn}\ensuremath{\uparrow},\mathrm{Mn}\ensuremath{\downarrow},A)\mathrm{As}$, where $A$ is As or Sn and $\mathrm{Mn}\ensuremath{\uparrow}$ ( $\mathrm{Mn}\ensuremath{\downarrow}$) denotes Mn atoms whose local magnetic moment…
Multicrystalline silicon wafers, widely used in commercial photovoltaic cell production, traditionally give much poorer cell performance than monocrystalline wafers (the previously highest performance laboratory devices have solar energy conversion efficiencies of 18.6% and 24.0%, respectively). A substantially improv…
Oxidative degradation of a flexible PVC pellet (F-PVC) with oxygen was carried out in 1–25-mol/kg(m)-H2O NaOH solutions, at 150–260°C and 1–10 MPa. Dehydrochlorination of F-PVC occurred first, followed by oxidation. The major products were oxalic acid, a mixture of benzenecarboxylic acids, and CO2. We obtained 320 g o…
Poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCL) with slip masterbatch, Erucamide, SiO2 and Erucamide + CaCO3 as low-molecular-weight processing additives, were film-blown in a single screw extruder. The films and recycled PCL without additives were exposed to composting, anaerobic sewage sludge (37 and 55°C), pure fungal culture, and che…
A heterogeneous copper catalyst was developed using a novel technique metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Highly porous activated carbon was selected as the catalyst support to provide a high specific area. Copper acetylacetonate was used as the precursor. The precursor was evaporated by heating, transp…
Plasma polymerization of thiophene was carried out in a tubular reactor using an rf source. Various substrates such as aluminum, glass, and NaCl crystal were used. The rate of deposition attained an equilibrium value of 0.35 μg cm−2 s−1. Infrared spectra revealed the formation of polythiophene. The films were found to…
Copolymerization of ethylene and styrene by the INSITETM technology from Dow presents a new polymer family identified as ethylene–styrene interpolymers (ESI). Based on the combined observations from melting behavior, density, dynamic mechanical response, and tensile deformation, a classification scheme with 3 distinct…
CB2, a CNBr peptide of 36 residues from type I collagen alpha1(I) chain has been studied by NMR spectroscopy as a function of temperature. At low temperature, the guanidinium protons of Arg9 showed sharp 1:1:1 NMR triplets around 6.95 ppm, characteristic of 14N coupled protons (1J(NH)=52 Hz) when the quadrupolar relax…