Materials Literature
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A theoretical framework is presented to describe the optical properties of polarizers produced by tensile deformation of semicrystalline polymers containing dichroic dyes.In the model it is assumed that orientation of both the host polymer and guest molecule occurs in the f f i e mode.The development of optical anisot…
SummaryThe composition of chromium free conversion layers on aluminium, based on zirconium has been determined using complementary surface analytical techniques: SEM, AES, XPS, SIMS. The zirconium based chromium free conversion layer consists of a two layered structure, with total thickness less than 10 nm, in which t…
Abstract
Bistable hydrogen bonds are shown to induce systematic displacements in arrangement of molecules or ions in the structures of ferroelectric crystals: methods of calculating the magnitudes of the displacements, and characteristic structural transformations on disordering of the H atom above ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$…
The degradation of liposomes in blood circulation is important in regulating the releasing rate of encapsulated compounds. In this study, the effect of liposome size--one of the principal determining factors in liposome disposition--on their degradation in serum/blood was evaluated quantitatively both in vitro and in…
The theory of the electro-optic effect and second harmonic generation is developed in the context of the linear Stark effect. This leads to an emphasis both on the optical bandwidth of the charge-transfer transitions responsible for the hyperpolarisability, and on the relationship between the transition energies and o…
Abstract The collapse of laser‐induced bubbles in water is investigated by high speed photography at framing rates as high as 20 million frames per second. The case of a spherical bubble in an unbounded liquid is compared with the Gilmore model. Bubbles collapsing in front of a solid wall show a rich dynamics dependin…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Evidence for Viscosity-Independent Spreading on a Soft SolidAlain Carre and Martin E. R. ShanahanCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 1, 24–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.ac…
In this study we investigated the stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polypropylene (PP) surfaces modified using three combinations of UV light and ozone: ozone only, UV light in air (producing ozone), and UV light in air supplemented by additional ozone in the incoming air. Analysis was done using X-r…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-Bandgap Conducting Polymers Based on Conjugated Poly(heteroarylene methines). 1. Precursor Poly(heteroarylene methylenes)Wen-Chang Chen and Samson A. JenekheCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2, 454–464Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Publis…
The combined techniques of in situ Raman microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to study the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and the ethene epoxidation reaction over polycrystalline silver catalysts. The nature of the oxygen species formed on silver was found to depend critica…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a Novel Type of Electrochemically Doped Vinyl Polymer Containing Pendant Terthiophene and Its Electrical and Electrochromic PropertiesKazunari Nawa, Ichiro Imae, Naoki Noma, and Yasuhiko ShirotaCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3, 723–729Publication Date (Prin…
A combination of viscometry, Raman scattering and 1H NMR measurements has been used to study the effect of temperature changes on the properties of solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) in H2O or D2O. The viscosity data show that the overall dimensions of the polymer chains decrease with increasing temperature, while the…
This paper describes the application of computer image analysis techniques to characterization and quantification of fabric wrinkling for the purpose of devising an automated rating system of fabric wrinkle recovery. Two variables, surface ratio and shade ratio, are defined to quantify wrinkled appearance. The techniq…
Diffraction-deformation electron-density (Δp) images for small, naturally faced single crystals of synthetic calcite (CaCO 3 ), magnesite (MgCO 3 ) and mineral rhodochrosite (MnCO 3 ) were measured with focused λ = 0.7 and 0.9 A synchrotron (SR) X-radiation. Mo Kα (λ = 0.71073 A) structure factors were also measured f…
Abstract
The extracting properties of nine new calix[4]arene tetraamides towards the entire alkali cation series and strontium have been determined. One of the amides bearing propargyl (prop-2-ynyl) residues on the nitrogen atoms has also been tested in Complexation in methanol for the same cations. The enthalpies and entropie…
Mathematical modeling of stress generation in casting processes is a difficult, complex subject that is now receiving increased attention. This paper reviews the basic equations, solution methods and important phenomena associated with casting processes that require special numerical treatment. Stress modeling begins…
The effect of the amount of crystallinity on fracture and yielding of polyethylenes as a function of temperature is reviewed. In particular, the effect of fracture toughness, Kc, at low temperatures is investigated. Generally, Kc increased linearly as density decreased. However, it was found that very low-density poly…
The effect of biofilms on crevice corrosion of stainless steels (SS) UNS S31603 (type 316L SS), S31725 (type 317LM SS), N08904 (type 904L SS), and N08367 (6XN) in coastal seawater was investigated using the remote crevice assembly technique. One set of naturally initiated tests and one set of preinitiated tests were p…