Materials Literature
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We analyze the behavior of a suspension of rigid-rod-like particles in shear flow using a modified version of the Doi model, and construct diagrams for phase coexistence under conditions of constant imposed stress and constant imposed strain rate, among paranematic, flow-aligning nematic, and log-rolling nematic state…
Abstract Increasing the thermal and electrical conductivity of typically insulating polymers, such as nylon 6,6, opens new markets. A thermally conductive resin can be used for heat sink applications. An electrically conductive resin can be used in static dissipative and Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency In…
It has been estimated that half the annual health care budget in the United States is spent on patients suffering from tissue loss and late stage organ failure. Critical limitations inherent in traditional therapies call for novel tissue and organ replacement strategies. This paper discusses development of biomaterial…
The localization index (LI), which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation and the root square mean (rms) of current fluctuation determined in electrochemical noise measurements, can have values between 0 and 1. It has been proposed in the literature that the LI can be used to determine the nature of the pre…
X-ray diffraction data processing proceeds through indexing, pre-refinement of camera parameters and crystal orientation, intensity integration, post-refinement and scaling. The DENZO program has set new standards for autoindexing, but no publication has appeared which describes the algorithm. In the development of th…
Abstract Li + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Cu 2+ , or Zn 2+ -saturated samples of a cis -vacant montmorillonite from Linden, Bavaria, were heated to temperatures between 200–700°C. Half of each heated sample was subsequently autoelaved under steam at 200°C (∼1.5 MPa) to promote rehydroxylation. The smectites were characte…
High strain rate unconfined compressional tests on concrete are simulated by a 3D discrete-element method. The laboratory data set was provided by three unconfined experiments on a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus at very high strain rates (350–700 s−1). This numerical method was chosen because it is well adapte…
Following a critical analysis of the dioxygenase literature and injection of the insights therein into the development of new dioxygenase catalysts, two new, of four total exemplary, polyoxoanion precatalysts have been synthesized, characterized, and then discovered to exhibit record catalytic lifetime 3,5-di- tert -b…
Fermentation strategies for production of high concentrations of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] with different 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) fractions by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the Alcaligenes latus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes were developed. Fed-batch cultures of re…
Novel biodegradable bacterial plastics, made up of units of 3-hydroxy-n-phenylalkanoic acids, are accumulated intracellularly by Pseudomonas putida U due to the existence in this bacterium of (i) an acyl-CoA synthetase (encoded by the fadD gene) that activates the aryl-precursors; (ii) a beta-oxidation pathway that af…
A review of basic physical phenomena underlying the light-induced molecular reorientation in nematic liquid crystals is presented. A detailed description of the mechanisms of direct optical torque, photoisomerization and photorefractivity and of their effect on the macroscopic order of liquid crystals is reported. The…
Unexpected electron transfer and linkage isomerization led to the formation of FeII0.23FeIII0.72MnIII0.02MnIV0.03[MnIV(CN)6]0.23[MnIII(CN)6]0.72[FeIII(CN)6]0.02[FeII-(CN)6]0.03 from the reaction of [FeII(NCMe)6]2+and [MnIV(CN)6]2−. Hydration leads to further electron transfer and linkage isomerization to form {FeII0.1…
A new amphiphilic GdIII chelate, which is capable of forming micelles in aqueous solution (see diagram), has been synthesized. Due to this self-aggregation, the compound has a long rotational correlation time and, consequently, has high proton relaxivities that thus far have only been obtained with macromolecular comp…
A poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) diblock copolymer having a number-average molecular weight $({M}_{n})$ of 11 000 g/mol in the PEO blocks and an ${M}_{n}$ of 5200 g/mol in the PS blocks has been synthesized (with a volume fraction of the PEO blocks of 0.66 in the molten state). Differential scanning cal…
The nitride spinel γ-Ge3N4 is investigated. The transformation from the known phenacite (β) phase to the spinel phase was tracked in situ at high pressure. Bulk samples were then recovered and the structure was refined; this verified the spinel assignment for this material.
The phase transition between charge- and spin-density-wave (CDW, SDW) phases is studied in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at half-filling. We discuss whether the transition can be described by the Gaussian and the spin-gap transitions under charge-spin separation, or by a direct CDW-SDW transition. We dete…
The local atomic structure of nanoporous carbons produced by pyrolysis of poly(furfuryl alcohol) at various temperatures has been studied using neutron diffraction. Atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) were obtained from the neutron data. Structure models have been fitted to the PDFs to understand the fine featur…
In this article, we show how colossal magnetoresistance effect (CMR) can be tuned in polycrystalline mixed valence manganite La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 via changing grain size by means of a sol-gel method. Below a critical diameter (150 nm), CMR disappears, but large intergrain MR remains even well above Tc (1.2Tc for ≈95 nm pa…
The misfit relaxation mechanism of BaTiO3 thin films of different thicknesses grown two-dimensionally on SrTiO3(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition was analysed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Major defects in partially relaxed films are misfit dislocations with Burgers vectors of…
High-speed heavy plastic deformation of thin foils of fcc metals, including aluminium, is found to produce a high density of small vacancy clusters, in the form of stacking-fault tetrahedra. The dependences of the density of the clusters on the deformation temperature and deformation rate indicate the production of va…