Materials Literature
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Optical properties of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were examined in nitrate‐limited semicontinuous cultures for growth rates ( µ N ) varying from 0.22 to 1.32 d −1 . Two experiments were conducted at each growth rate in which sampling of the culture was done at either the dark‐to‐light (D‐L) or light‐to‐…
Defects caused by particulate contamination are an important concern in the fabrication of thin film products. Often, magnetron sputtering processes are used for this purpose. Particle contamination generated during thin film processing can be detected using laser light scattering, a powerful diagnostic technique whic…
Hexagonal ferrites, materials widely used for permanent bard magnets , are currently commercially synthesized by multistep ceramic methods. Alternative routes are also multistep as well as being time‐consuming and expensive. Teh self‐propagating, high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) presented here is convenient, quick, in…
Formation process of the pellet-cladding bonding layer was studied by EPMA, XRD, and SEM/TEM for the oxide layer on a cladding inner surface and the bonding layer in irradiated fuel rods. Specimens were prepared from fuels which had been irradiated to the pellet average burnups of 15, 27 and 42 GWd/t in BWRs. In the l…
A spectrograph has been developed with sufficient efficiency to make high-resolution fluorescence experiments on metalloproteins possible. The resolution of this spectrometer can reach 0.45 eV at 7.1 keV emission energy. The focus images of this multiple curved-crystal array spectrometer are presented. The chemical se…
The microstructure and resulting properties of manual metal arc super duplex weld metals deposited using three different filler metals and two heat inputs were investigated using various techniques. Analytical transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to…
A feasibility study is presented concerning the incorporation of N 3 - in alkaline-earth aluminates with a magnetoplumbite- or β-alumina-type structure. A comparison is made with Mg 2+ -substituted alkaline-earth aluminates with a magnetoplumbite or β-alumina-type structure. Various techniques such as X-ray diffractio…
Peculiar magnetic properties of hcp Sm are adequately described by the calculations based on the model with ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{3+}$ ions in a metallic matrix, taking into account the lowest three multiplets, the spin-orbit interaction, the crystal fields, and the exchange interaction, and together with the conduction-ele…
In nuclear power plants, major tribological problems can occur among the interacting components, such as those in the control assembly, the reactors and the steam generators, due to a combination of impact and sliding motion. Many experimental wear tests have been performed in either room temperature or simulated high…
Dimeric ammonium diaquocitratonickelate (II) dihydrate (NH4)2[Ni(Hcit)(H,O)2]2 -2H2O, 1, and its sodium and potassium salts, as well as ammonium dicitratonickelate (II) dihydrate (NH4)4[Ni(Hcit)2] ·2H2O, 2, (H4cit = citric acid) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The crystal structures o…
Osmotic pressure, small-angle X-ray scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering were used to study the medium-range interaction potentials between macromolecules in solution. These potentials determine macromolecular crystallization. Calf eye lens gamma-crystallins were used as a model system with the charge, and th…
The microstructure of polydomain tetragonal zirconia ( t ‐ZrO 2 ), i.e., a ZrO 2 modification exhibiting ferroelastic behavior, is studied by high‐voltage electron microscopy. This material consists of three domain variants of the tetragonal phase with their c ‐axes nearly orthogonal to each other. Always two variants…
The topography of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) has been proposed as a predictive tool for studying ion-pair formation, using the trifluromethanesulfonate (triflate) ion, CF 3 SO 3 - (Tf - ), as a test example. A model based on electrostatic docking of the cation (Li +, Na +, NH 4 + ) has been developed for…
The origin of relaxor ferroelectric behavior is complex, and is likely to include both compositional as well as structural order and disorder. Non-crystallographic methods of structural study by pulsed neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering applied to these solids reveal mas-sive local displacive disorder and short…
The data on thermodynamic and molecular properties of the potassium, rubidium and cesium hydroxides have been collected, critically reviewed, analyzed, and evaluated. Tables of the thermodynamic properties [Cp∘, Φ°=−(G°−H°(0)/T, S°, H°−H°(0), ΔfH°, ΔfG°)] of these hydroxides in the condensed and gaseous states have be…
This paper describes the tensile properties and failure mechanisms of plain weft knitted glass fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites. The composite was made by reinforcing epoxy resin with a single ply of plain weft knitted glass fiber fabric. Tensile properties were investigated in the wale and course directions o…
Abstract: The atomic-scale structure of tilt grain boundaries has been studied by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) in several ceramics and metals such as NiO, yttria stabilized zirconia, Au, and Al. It is found that when grain boundaries are formed between two crystals a considerable variety of modes of rela…
The influence of in combination with in the ppb range on the atmospheric corrosion of copper was investigated using on‐line gas analysis and gravimetry. Corrosion products were characterized qualitatively by x‐ray diffraction and quantitatively by gravimetry and ion‐chromatography of leaching solutions. Mechanisms are…
The dielectric response of a ferroelectric multilayer, having a designed heterogeneity, has been studied near its phase transition range by use of the Landau-Ginzburg theory. The coherent lattice coupling between ultrathin layers can be significantly strong, resulting in a broad phase transition of the superlattice sy…
The new formulation of the coupled-wave analysis recently proposed by Lalanne Morris [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A13, 779 (1996)] and by Granet Guizal [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A13, 1019 (1996)] that drastically improves the convergence performance of the method for lamellar gratings and for TM polarization is shown to be badly conditi…