Materials Literature
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Ferromagnetic metal-based materials display interesting properties for microwave applications. Here the authors report obtaining ferromagnetic monodisperse particles in the nanometer size range by the polyol process. By accurate control of the particle size the influence of the particle upon the microwave permeability…
We study the dynamics of a ferromagnetic domain wall driven by an external magnetic field through a disordered medium. The avalanchelike motion of the domain walls between pinned configurations produces a noise known as the Barkhausen effect. We discuss experimental results on soft ferromagnetic materials, with refere…
Highly supercooled liquids with soft-core potentials are studied via molecular-dynamics simulations in two and three dimensions in quiescent and sheared conditions. We may define bonds between neighboring particle pairs unambiguously owing to the sharpness of the first peak of the pair correlation functions. Upon stru…
We develop a technique for simulation of the mechanics of micron-scale solid systems: coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD). It captures the important atomistic effects without the computational cost of conventional molecular dynamics (MD). The CGMD equations of motion are derived directly from finite temperature M…
ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation of Zn2+ with sulfur ions in aqueous solution. The ultraviolet-excited samples reveal detailed structure in the luminescence spectra. A doublet pattern observed in the long wavelength region is attributed to the coexistence of the two crystalline forms in ZnS pa…
In this paper, we present extensive molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics studies on the energy, structure, mechanical and vibrational properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In our study we employed an accurate interaction potential derived from quantum mechanics. We explored the stability domains of circula…
Based on recent first-principles computations in perovskite compounds, especially ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3},$ we examine the significance of the Born effective charge concept and contrast it with other atomic charge definitions, either static (Mulliken, Bader, etc.) or dynamical (Callen, Szigeti, etc.). It is shown that s…
We propose the idea of a subwavelength-sized light guide represented by a linear chain of spherical metal nanoparticles in which light is transmitted by electrodynamic interparticle coupling. The light-transport properties of this system are investigated by use of model calculations based on generalized Mie theory. Co…
Damascene Cu electroplating for on-chip metallization, which we conceived and developed in the early 1990s, has been central to IBM's Cu chip interconnection technology. We review here the challenges of filling trenches and vias with Cu without creating a void or seam, and the discovery that electrodeposition can be e…
What properties determine an effective nonlinear optical (NLO) material? These are reviewed and summarized for recently described borate compounds—materials that have proven to be superior to other commonly used NLO materials for UV applications. The Figure shows the arrangement of [B2O5] and [NbO6] groups within the…
Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics are reviewed with the aim of providing an insight into different processes which may affect the behaviour of ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric memories and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Taking into considerat…
Electrical conductivity of some alkaline earth vanadate glasses has been reported in the temperature range 80-500 K. It has been observed that the conductivity and the activation energy for different glass compositions did not differ markedly. The general behaviour of the temperature dependence of the conductivity is…
In this paper we establish the high-order perturbation formulas of zero-field splittings D and E and g factors and for ions in rhombic symmetry by using a two-spin-orbit (SO) coupling parameter model, in which not only the contribution due to the SO coupling of the central ion but also that of the ligands are included…
The effect of Cl ions on the structural relaxation in silica glass was investigated by observing the fictive temperature, which was determined from the position of infrared absorption peak around 2260 cm−1 related to the average Si–O–Si bond angle. It has been found that Cl ions reduce the relaxation time of the long-…
We report on Raman spectra of BaFe12O19 thin films. These thin films have been deposited by injection chemical vapor deposition on three different substrates: Al2O3 (001), Gd3Ga5O12 (111), and Si (100). The observed Raman-active vibrations of the films are compared with recently published Raman spectra from bulk compo…
Elastic neutron scattering experiments, performed in semiconducting ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ single crystals $(x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.05,0.08)$, reveal new features in the problem of electronic phase separation and metal insulator transition.…
Single-bubble sonoluminescence has been experimentally produced through a novel approach of optimized sound excitation. A driving consisting of a first and second harmonic with selected amplitudes and relative phase results in an increase of light emission compared to sinusoidal driving. We achieved a raise of the max…
Silicon nitride films of different stoichiometric composition were studied using Raman spectroscopy. A Raman signal due to Si–Si, Si–N bond vibrations in silicon nanoclusters was detected in as-deposited films. The appearance of Raman peaks in the range 493–514 cm−1 after thermal and pulse laser treatments was interpr…
The intershell spacing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was determined by analyzing the high resolution transmission electron microscopy images of these nanotubes. For the nanotubes that were studied, the intershell spacing ${\stackrel{^}{d}}_{002}$ is found to range from 0.34 to 0.39 nm, increasing with decreasing tu…
The surface-boundary magnetization $({M}_{\mathrm{SB}})$ for a manganese perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ has been investigated using spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which has an $\ensuremath{\sim}5\AA{}$ probing depth. ${M}_{\mathrm{SB}}$ shows the full moment at very lo…