Materials Literature
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We consider incorporation of particle detachment in Smoluchowski model of colloidal growth. Two approaches are considered, utilizing phenomenological rate equation and exact large-time results. Our main conclusion is that the value of the large-time diffusing particle concentration at the aggregate surface is the only…
We model two-dimensional systems of granular aggregates confined between two planes and demonstrate that at a critical grain volume fraction an abrupt rigidity transition occurs. This transition is observed both in static and shear tests. The grain volume fraction at which the transition occurs, $ν_c$, decreases with…
Models for semiconductor nanocluster growth within polymer films are presented. The models assume a diffusion−aggregation mechanism of nanocluster growth, where the semiconductor molecules aggregate to form primary particles, which then aggregate, giving larger particles. Reaction−diffusion and equilibrium models base…
Congruent melting of albite, NaAlSi 3 O 8 , is found to be a surface‐initiated process, with melt nucleating at external surfaces and internal cracks and cleavage planes. Melting rates are found to be within a factor of 5 of rates calculated by a normal growth model. The melting point of albite is shown to be in the 1…
We evaluated the in vivo biodistribution of indium- and yttrium-labeled second-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) conjugated with 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M), a derivative of DTPA. In addition, we conjugated PAMAM-1B4M to humanized anti-Tac IgG (HuTac) and eva…
Direct observation of electric potential and field variation near local scatterers like grain boundaries, triple points and voids in thin platinum films studied by scanning tunneling potentiometry is presented. The field is highest at a void, followed by a triple point and a grain boundary. The local field near a void…
We study the steady-state motion of mode III cracks propagating on a lattice exhibiting viscoelastic dynamics. The introduction of a Kelvin viscosity $η$ allows for a direct comparison between lattice results and continuum treatments. Utilizing both numerical and analytical (Wiener-Hopf) techniques, we explore this co…
Polymer-stabilized platinum colloids with nearly uniform spherical shape were prepared by microwave dielectric heating. The average diameters of the as-prepared platinum colloids were 2−4 nm with a narrow size distribution in regard to the preparation conditions.
Growing small particles of silver have been observed to be more efficient catalysts than stable colloidal particles. These growing particles catalyze the borohydride reduction of several organic dyes. The rate of the reduction catalyzed by growing particles is distinctly faster compared to that of stable and larger si…
A variety of global kinetic models are reviewed, including first-order, n th-order, nucleation, and sequential models as well as models having Gaussian, Weibull, and discrete activation-energy distributions. The important characteristics of these various models are outlined, with guidance in how to select the correct…
This 1998 study introduces the physical principles of how and why crystals grow. The first three chapters recall the fundamental properties of crystal surfaces at equilibrium. The next six chapters describe simple models and basic concepts of crystal growth including diffusion, thermal smoothing of a surface, and appl…
I. FUNDAMENTALS AND GENERAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE Thermodynamics and Mechanistics Practical Batteries Global Competition of Primary and Secondary Batteries II. MATERIALS FOR AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERIES Structural Chemistry of Manganese Dioxide and Related Compounds Electrochemistry of Manganese O…
A series of chiral enantiomerically pure analogues of ( E )-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl)ferrocene ( 2 ), substituted by R ( 3, R = Me; 4, R = CH 2 OH; 5, R = SiMe 3 ), in the 2-position on the cyclopentadienyl ring, were synthesized. Measurements by electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH) and calculati…
Interfacial reaction between two immiscible polymers can cause changes in the interfacial morphology. We demonstrated this using an aliphatic amine terminated polystyrene (PS−NH 2 ) and anhydride terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA−ah). Interfacial morphologies were recorded using transmission electron microsco…
We report a numerical calculation of the two-photon absorption coefficient of electrons in a binding potential using the real-time real-space higher-order difference method. By introducing random vector averaging for the intermediate state, the task of evaluating the two-dimensional time integral is reduced to calcula…
From relaxation simulations of decoration-based quasicrystal structure models using microscopically based interatomic pair potentials, we have calculated the (usually neglected) phonon-phason coupling constant. Its sign is opposite for the two alloys studied, i-AlMn and i-(Al,Cu)Li; a dimensionless measure of its magn…
A theoretical description of local absorption is proposed in order to investigate spectral variations on a length scale comparable with the extension of the relevant quantum states. A general formulation is derived within the density-matrix formalism including Coulomb correlation, and applied to the prototypical case…
We present a short overview over recent MD simulations of systems of fully flexible polyelectrolyte chains with explicitly treated counter ions using the full Coulomb potential. The main emphasis is given on the conformational properties of the polymers, with a short discussion on counter ion condensation.
We report a revised synthetic procedure based on an electrochemical method for preparing an aqueous solution containing suspended Au nanorods. The mean aspect ratios of the Au nanorods can be experimentally adjusted between 1 and 7. The evolution of the longitudinal surface plasmon bands shows an eminently sensitive d…
Phase equilibria in polymer blends are studied using the polymer reference interaction model (PRISM) theory and expanded Gibbs ensemble (EGE) simulations. The fluctuation theory of Kirkwood and Buff is generalized to polyatomic fluids and used in conjunction with self-consistent PRISM; the formalism discussed here per…