Materials Literature
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Using a very sensitive time-resolved interferometric technique, we study the laser induced carrier trapping dynamics in wide band-gap crystals with 100 fs temporal resolution. The fast trapping of electrons in the band-gap is associated with the formation of self-trapped excitons (STE's). The STE's formation kinetics…
A planar thin‐film solid oxide fuel cell has been fabricated with an inexpensive, scalable, technique involving colloidal deposition of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films on porous NiO‐YSZ substrates, yielding solid oxide fuel cells capable of exceptional power density at operating temperatures of 700 to 800°C. Th…
The water sorption isotherm and the crystallization rates for amorphous indomethacin were determined at 30 degrees C as a function of relative humidity (RH), along with the effects of water content on the glass transition temperature (T(g)). Below 43% RH, only the stable gamma crystal form appears, whereas at higher R…
Single-crystal thin films of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) covering the full compositional range (0⩽x⩽1) were deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Epitaxial SrRuO3(001) thin films grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates by rf-magnetron sputter deposition served as template electrode layers to promote the epitaxial gro…
A strong single red emission band λmax = 613 nm, FWMH = 450 cm—1) was observed at room temperature in Pr3+-doped calcium titanates. The evolution of the intensity of this luminescence was analysed in compensated and uncompensated samples (using Na+, Ag+ or Tl+ as charge compensators) and also as a function of Pr conce…
Polyelectrolyte multilayers containing electrochemically active viologen units have been constructed using the layer-by-layer deposition technique with poly(styrenesulfonate) and poly(butanylviologen) as polyanion and polycation, respectively. All redox active material is electrochemically addressable in multilayers m…
ABSTRACT Beeswax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, and a high‐melting fraction of anhydrous milkfat were homogenized with whey protein to produce edible emulsion films. Lipid type and amount were important in controlling the emulsion film water vapor permeability (WVP). The WVPs of the beeswax and milkfat emulsion films…
Myofibrillar protein-based films were developed from a film-forming solution based on fish mince. Glycerol, sorbitol, or sucrose was incorporated as plasticizer at various concentrations. The increase in film solubility in water with plasticizer content reflect plasticizer solubility in water. Solubility in water of p…
Quantitative XPS and AES analysis of surfaces requires models to do fast calculations of the energy loss of electrons at any energy as they move in solids of general and non-uniform composition. This is possible with the Universal cross-section that was introduced a decade ago. A critical review is given of the Univer…
The rheological properties of colloidal suspensions of spheres, rods, and disks have been studied using a mesoscopic simulation technique, known as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). In DPD, a suspension is modeled as a system of large colloidal particles in a liquid of interacting point particles. For the calculati…
An effective Hamiltonian for the ferroelectric transition in ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ is constructed from ab initio pseudopotential local-density-functional total-energy and linear-response calculations through the use of a localized, symmetrized basis set of ``lattice Wannier functions.'' Explicit parametrization of th…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLigand-Unsupported Metal−Metal (M = Cu, Ag) Interactions between Closed-Shell d10 Trinuclear SystemsKuljeet Singh, Jeffrey R. Long, and Pericles StavropoulosView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Department of Che…
A rare surface freezing phenomenon is observed in molten normal alkanes, using x-ray and surface tension measurements. An ordered monolayer forms on the surface of the liquid alkane at temperatures up to 3 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C above the bulk freezing temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{f}}$. The structu…
Three types of amine-containing polyurethanes and poly(urethane−ureas), N -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and/or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) as the chain extender and poly(ethylene glycol) of MW 400 as the soft-segment component, have been studied by FTIR. The hydrogen bonding in hard and soft segments was examined for…
We report on the growth of GdCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (GdCOB) and YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (YCOB) crystals and their characterization as new nonlinear optical materials. The crystals with good optical quality were grown by the Czochralski method. YCOB, the characteristics of which has not previously been reported to our knowledge, has…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Dendritic Effect in Molecular Recognition: Ferrocene Dendrimers and Their Use as Supramolecular Redox Sensors for the Recognition of Small Inorganic AnionsChristine Valério, Jean-Luc Fillaut, Jaime Ruiz, Joëlle Guittard, Jean-Claude Blais, and Didier AstrucView Aut…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Assembly and Polymerization of Epoxy Resin-Amphiphilic Block Copolymer NanocompositesMarc A. Hillmyer, Paul M. Lipic, Damian A. Hajduk, Kristoffer Almdal, and Frank S. BatesView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Universit…
We review the Kauzmann paradox and what it implies about the configuration space energy hypersurface for "structural glassformers." With this background, we then show how the relaxation expression of Adam and Gibbs qualitatively accounts for most of the phenomenology of liquid and polymeric glassformers including the…
Electrostatic alternate adsorption was successfully employed for low-molecular-weight dyes, leading to a large variety of dye−polyion layer-by-layer assemblies. The assembling process of individual dye−polyion layers of Congo Red (CR)−poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was investigated by using a quartz cry…
Spherical particles of the mesoporous material MCM‐41 have been synthesized and are reported for the first time. The results of characterization of the samples by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption at 77 K (which provides information about the pore system) is described. It is shown…