Materials Literature
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As a possible mechanism of the $γ-α$ phase transition in pristine cerium a change of the electronic density from a disordered state with symmetry Fm-3m to an ordered state Pa-3 has been proposed. Here we include on-site and inter- site electron correlations involving one localized 4f-electron and one conduction 5d-ele…
Long-range effects on the pyroelectric coefficient and susceptibility of a ferroelectric bilayer with a ferroelectric interfacial coupling are investigated by use of the transverse Ising model within the framework of mean-field theory. The effects of the interfacial coupling and the transverse field on the pyroelectri…
Abstract Molecular motion and thermal stability in two series of nanophase‐separated polyimide–silica (PI–SiO 2 ) hybrid materials with chemically bound components were studied. The hybrids were synthesized from p ‐aminophenyltrimethoxysilane‐terminated poly(amic acid)s as PI precursors and tetramethoxysilane as a sil…
The Raman shifts of nanocrystalline GaSb excited by an Ar+ ion laser of wavelengths 514.5, 496.5, 488.0, 476.5, and 457.9 nm are studied by experiment and explained by phonon confinement, tensile stress, resonance Raman scattering and quantum size effects. The Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of GaSb nanocrystals…
A general Landauer-Büttiker-type current formula is derived, which can be applied to the ferromagnet (F)/Normal metal (N)/superconductor (S), F/N/N, N/N/S and N/N/N systems in the presence of various kinds of interactions in the central region.
The phase behaviour of achiral banana-shaped molecules was studied by computer simulation. The banana-shaped molecules were described by model intermolecular interactions based on the Gay-Berne potential. The characteristic molecular structure was considered by joining two calamitic Gay-Berne particles through a bond…
In patients requiring coronary or peripheral vascular bypass procedures, autogenous vein is currently the conduit of choice. If this is unavailable, then a prosthetic material is used. Prosthetic graft is liable to fail due to occlusion of the graft. To prevent graft occlusion, seeding of the graft lumen with endothel…
Platelet‐shaped particles of similar size and shape were investigated as fillers for improving the thermal conductivity of polymer–ceramic composite materials. The conductivities of composites filled with hard, stiff ceramic particles exceeded 3.5 W·(m·K) −1 , or >20 times the conductivity of the polymer matrix, an…
Changes in the way foods are produced, distributed, stored and retailed, reflecting the continuing increase in consumer demands for improved quality and extended shelf-life for packaged foods, are placing ever-greater demands on the performance of food packaging. Consumers want to be assured that the packaging is fulf…
A realistic assessment of future interconnect performance is addressed, specifically, by modeling copper (Cu) wire effective resistivity in the light of technological and reliability constraints. The scaling-induced rise in resistance in the future may be significantly exacerbated due to an increase in Cu resistivity…
We have studied the field-screening effect provoked by the proximity of neighboring tubes by changing the tube height of highly ordered carbon nanotubes fabricated on porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. The field emission was critically affected by the tube height that protruded from the surface. The field emissio…
There are many reasons why one would want to form chemical attachments to the walls or ends of carbon nanotubes: these chemical bonds might be used to tailor the interaction of the nanotube with other entities, such as a solvent, a polymer matrix, or other nanotubes. The chemically functionalized nanotube might have m…
Pure copper with ultrafine grain sizes and nanoscale subgrain (dislocation) structures was prepared by using severe plastic deformation through cold rolling at subambient temperatures, with or without subsequent recovery annealing. We report coexisting high strength and tensile ductility (large elongation to failure a…
A model for a moderately deep underwater explosion bubble is developed that integrates the shock wave and oscillation phases of the motion. A hyperacoustic relationship is formulated that relates bubble volume acceleration to far-field pressure profile during the shock-wave phase, thereby providing initial conditions…
When a liquid drop (1−2 μL) is placed on a surface possessing a continuous gradient of wettability, it moves toward the more wettable part of the gradient with typical speeds of 1−2 mm/s. This low speed arises because the driving force due to surface tension is reduced by contact angle hysteresis. The hysteresis force…
Solar cells based on copper ternary chalcogenide compounds and alloys have emerged over the last 20 years as a promising solution to the problem of high-cost solar cells. Solar power conversion efficiencies exceed 21% in laboratory devices using thin films of these materials, and their characteristic thinness results…
The clearance rate of liposomal drugs from the circulation is determined by the rate and extent of both drug release and uptake of liposomes by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Intravenously injected liposomes initially come into contact with serum proteins. The interaction of liposomes with serum prot…
The modem history of liquid crystals has been dominated by the development of electronic displays. These developments began in 1964, when Heilmeier of RCA Laboratories discovered the guest-host mode and the dynamic-scattering mode. He thought a wall-sized flat-panel color TV was just around the corner From that point…
Materials based on renewable resources are being developed at an increasing rate. Today, the only biobased food-packaging materials used commercially on a major scale are based on cellulose. However, materials based on proteins, starch, polylactate and other renewable resources may be the food-packaging materials of t…
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit peculiar thermomechanical, thermoelectrical and thermochemical behaviors under mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical conditions. Examples of these materials are Cu-based SMAs, NiTi SMAs, ferrous SMAs, shape memory ceramics and shape memory polymers. NiTi SMAs in particular, ha…