Materials Literature
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This chapter examines the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence on the discovery and development of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and new chemical entities (NCEs) through bioprospection. It explores how machine learning algorithms are transforming traditional bioprospection methods by accelerating…
Abstract Carbon-based nanomaterials have been widely used as bitumen modifiers because of their excellent mechanical and functional properties. Among carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted particular attention because of their high aspect ratios and strong reinforcing potential. However, th…
Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian electromagnetic (EM) systems have been in the spotlight over the past decades due to their remarkable enhancement effects in sensing sensitivity. Here, we explore EPs at a deep-subwavelength scale, where pronounced coupling modulation is achieved via controllable escaping deca…
Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in molecular assemblies are governed by excited-state coupling spanning from on- to off-resonance regimes. Herein, these effects are investigated in bichromophoric systems where two 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene chromophores are arranged obli…
Background: Takayasu arteritis is a granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis that usually becomes apparent only after stenotic damage has occurred and can be difficult to recognise when classical peripheral vascular signs are absent. Objective: To describe the clinical course, diagnostic challenges and long-term outcome…
We prove that the optimal sphere packing density in R4 equals π2/16 ≈ 0.6169, achieved uniquely by the D4 root lattice. The proof is local: we show every Voronoi cell of a unit-ball packing satisfies vol(Vc) ≥ 8, with equality if and only if the active neighbours form a copy of the D4 root system scaled to nearest-nei…
Abstract Nanomotors are promising for diverse applications due to their ability to convert energy into directional motion. However, precise control of their motion is still difficult because creating required asymmetric nanostructures presents significant synthetic challenges. Inspired by automotive engine control, th…
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection that significantly affects women's health worldwide. Antifungal agent therapies are not particularly effective for VVC and can further promote an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, increasing recurrence. Nanozymes are currently being evaluated as an alterna…
Abstract This Roadmap covers the status, current challenges, and new science required to address these challenges, for mechanical metamaterials. This is timely, given the sustained increase in mechanical metamaterials research outputs and patents. Sections are grouped according to anomalous properties. These include a…
Real-time detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) is important for occupational safety in humid, mixed-gas environments, yet conventional chemiresistive sensors remain limited by cross-sensitivity, humidity dependence, and poor portability at room temperature. Here, we report a flexible dual-channel sens…
In recent years, the focus has shifted towards the development of nanomaterials using green synthetic methods, and the concept of waste-treat-waste has led to the valorisation of waste materials into nanomaterials and related products. This book reflects on the status of the synthesis of nanomaterials from waste mater…
Nb-Si based in-situ composites are candidate materials for 1300 °C-class gas turbine blades, yet the trade-off among room-temperature toughness, high-temperature creep resistance, and oxidation resistance has remained unresolved for decades. Based on reanalysis of publicly available literature data, this paper propose…
Abstract Understanding the performance of limiter plasmas in the ITER start-up phase is important for the whole pulse and a possible challenge if performed on tungsten, as will now be the case following the switch to a W first wall in the new 2024 ITER Baseline. Experiments were performed on ASDEX Upgrade and WEST to…
The development of lightweight, low-cost, and high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalytic electrodes is critical to advancing the practical implementation of methanol and urea oxidation reactions (MOR and UOR) in next-generation energy conversion systems. Herein, we reported a facile synthesis of a W-Se co-mo…
Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as promising electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters for biosensing due to their low toxicity, facile synthesis and modification, and good biocompatibility. However, most of the reported CDs require a more negative ECL trigger potential than −1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, which not only ind…
ABSTRACT Optimizing promoters is crucial for designing efficient catalysts for ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis under mild conditions. However, this endeavor is often hampered by a fundamental trade‐off: weak metal‐promoter interactions (MPI) lead to promoter segregation, while excessively strong ones block active sites, bot…
On 2 May 2019, a recovery operation involving a 137Cs source in a research irradiator resulted in the breach of a source capsule containing approximately 77.1 TBq. Following this incident, the dispersal characteristics of the radioactive material were evaluated in the context of emergency response. The results showed…
Abstract Ferroelectric transistors have the potential to meet the computing demands of data-intensive applications such as artificial intelligence. However, the existing research lacks functional reconfigurability and multi-task parallel processing capability. Here, we report a dual-ferroelectric stacked transistor th…
Bone defects resulting from trauma, malignant tumors, or infections are common clinical conditions. Current clinical treatments for bone defects, however, are associated with secondary injury, poor morphological matching, and immune rejection, falling short of clinical needs. Multifunctional bioscaffolds with osteogen…
Permutationally invariant polynomials have been used to develop a variety of highly accurate potential energy surfaces. Particularly when combined with the many-body expansion, such potentials present a promising avenue for reducing the computational cost of simulations with coupled-cluster accuracy. In practice, perf…