Materials Literature
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Abstract Austenitic stainless steels exhibit a single-phase, face-centered cubic structure that is maintained over a wide range of temperatures. This article reviews the compositions of standard and nonstandard austenitic stainless steels. It summarizes the important aspects of solidification behavior and microstructu…
We present and analyze briefly partial valence and conduction band states distributions of Al 6 Mn and both crystalline and quasicrystalline AlCuFe phases of close nominal composition. Low densities of states and a pseudo-gap are found at the Fermi energy. We discuss the formation of this pseudo-gap as due to the diff…
The reliability with respect to electromigration failure of tungsten and aluminum vias under DC, pulse-DC, and AC stressing has been studied using Kelvin test structures. The results indicate that although W-plug vias can eliminate the step coverage problem, this metallization system is not ideal because the intermeta…
Cleavage of nickel(II) octaethyl-2,3-dihydroxychlorin 3 with lead tetraacetate gives the novel octaethyl-2,3-secochlorin-2,3-dione system as its nickel(II) complex 4, which on treatment with basecyclisesto a novel homoporphyrinone structure 5; electronic spectra are presented: 4 and 5 are seen as representing chromoph…
The room-temperature molten salts formed by combining AlCl3 with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) have been investigated by 27Al and 35Cl NMR spectroscopy at temperatures from 25 to 100 °C. The initial AlCl3 loading was varied from 50 mol%, where AlCl–4 is the major complex ion, to 67 mol%, where Al2Cl–7 is…
The surface changes of a Cu–Al–O catalyst under H2 or CO atmospheres have been followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In both cases, the progressive reduction of copper(II) species in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites to lower oxidation states for temperatures above 250 °C is observed. When the catalys…
The general characteristics of eight fabric groups as measured by the KES-F system are described. These fabric groups are divided by fibre content, fabric construction and special finishing treatment. Using silk fabric as a reference, caustic-reduced polyester fabrics exhibit strong silk-like characteristics except in…
HV outdoor insulators are always subjected to pollution of different nature and severity and the performance of a HV insulator under polluted conditions is quite different from that under pollution-free conditions. The present paper is concerned with the field distribution around a post-type insulator for different se…
In order to clarify the effects of different fibre cross-sectional shapes on fabric mechanical properties and handle, polyester ‘Shingosen’ fabrics of different fibre cross-sections were investigated using the KES-FB system. The results were discussed by comparing them with typical women's fine dress fabrics and the f…
A new method for preparing SiO2-Al2O3 gels from aqueous solutions of tetraethoxysilane and aluminum chloride was investigated. Addition of propylene oxide to the solutions promoted gelation reaction, yielding translucent gels. It was found that the 4-coordinated Al incorporated in the framework of the gels was formed…
Polymer-porphyrin (-phthalocyanine) films required as potential photobactericidal surfaces have been prepared by impregnation (dyeing), by codissolution and casting, and by copolymerisation and casting.
Previous studies in vitro have shown that it is possible to achieve comparable temperature distribution in bone and the adjacent soft tissues, under appropriate experimental conditions. The objective of the present work was to determine the effects of hyperthermia on bone in vivo. In order to obtain direct temperature…
Abstract The morphological and optical properties of crystal aggregates which develop by nucleated growth from a plane substrate are modelled by crystal growth diagrams. Such diagrams show that fabric maturation occurs through three growth stages: 1) isolated, 2) competitive, and 3) parallel. Diagrams are presented wh…
Chemically-modified celluloses are among the most commonly and widely used polymers in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries today. Several products with widely different physicochemical properties are currently commercially available. Some of the major applications of these include their use as. i) tablet…
We have found that certain calix[n]arenes having long acyl groups at the p-positions (e.g., 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octadodecanoylcalix[8]arene-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octol: 28C12) act as excellent and unique gelators of various organic solvents (e.g., toluene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, hexane, isopropan…
Emission and absorption properties of hybrid coatings consisting of a siloxane network crosslinked with mixed metallic alkoxides, obtained by reacting Zr(OPrn)4 and different rare-earth methoxyethoxides (M = Nd3+, Sm3+ Dy3+, Er3+, Tm3+) are presented.
Abstract X-ray powder diffraction was performed on β -Ag 2 Te at room temperature, on ion conducting α -Ag 2 Te at 523 K, 723 K and 923 K respectively and on γ -Ag 2 Te at 1123 K. Rietveld profile refinement of β -Ag 2 Te confirmed the space group P 2 1 / c and the positional parameters of the model of Frueh (Z. Krist…
Abstract Newly designed hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals having the simplest mesogenic structure have been obtained by self-assembly of 4-alkoxybenzoic acid and 4-alkylpyridine. The complexes show nematic phases near room temperature. The nematic phase is broadened by mixing of several complexes within a homologous ser…
A series of binary tellurite-phosphate glasses in the form [TeO2]0.81[P2O5]0.19 doped with different rare-earth oxides were prepared. The rare-earth oxides were: La2O3, CeO2, Pr2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, and Yb2O3. The optical absorption coefficient and infrared spectra were measured in the ranges 200–900 nm and 200–1000 cm−1…
Abstract Hardfacing is a form of surfacing that is applied for the purpose of reducing wear, abrasion, impact, erosion, galling, or cavitation. This article describes the deposition of hardfacing alloys by oxyfuel welding, various arc welding methods, laser welding, and thermal spray processes. It discusses the catego…