Materials Literature
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Complex permeability /spl mu/*(=/spl nu/'-i/spl mu/") of permalloy (Fe/sub 0.55/Ni/sub 0.45/) composite materials has been studied in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 2 GHz for two different particle sizes of permalloys (particle diameter d<45 /spl mu/m and d<6 /spl mu/m). Low frequency permeabilities of small parti…
The crystal structure of Bi 2 W 2 O 9 has been solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction data analysis and refined to R=0.046 for 991 independent reflections. Bi 2 W 2 O 9 crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry, Pna2 1 space group, Z=4, a=5.440(1), b=5.413(1), c=23.740(5) Å. The model previously proposed by Watanabe…
This paper reviews the performance of the state-of-the-art solid oxide fuel cells that are fabricated using air electrode tubes, and discusses studies that are currently underway to reduce cell cost. A new design cell that combines the seal-less feature of tubular cells and a flattened air electrode with integral ribs…
The electrical currents that flow in and on insulators are small, but they may be important in applications and they may indicate the mechanism of carrier motion. The processes which come into play include mobility and ionization, trapping and detrapping, and injection and blocking. Some of these phenomena are intrins…
Trehalose was compared with glucose in its use as an embedding medium for the preparation of two-dimensional crystals for electron crystallographic structure analysis. Purple membranes (two-dimensional crystals of bacteriorhodopsin) embedded in either sugar were studied in a 'partially hydrated' state as well as after…
In this study, we present the results of the influence of chemical additives (antioxidant and UV stabilizer) and pigments (titanium dioxide and carbon black) on the short-term dielectric breakdown test of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These additives and pigments are commonly added to polyolefins, which are used a…
Abstract A simplified reaction pathway was proposed to describe the kinetic behavior of catalytic wet oxidation of organic mixture. The oxidation reactions were divided and lumped into two groups: (1) the deep or complete oxidation reactions with formation of CO 2 and H 2 O; (2) the partial oxidation reactions with fo…
A general framework for the physical description of partial discharge (PD) processes is presented that holds for different types of PD causing defects. A PD process is treated as a stochastic process consisting of short duration discharges (point-like in time) and charge carrier drift/recombination intervals between t…
The necessary condition of the active sites for the NO decomposition reaction on copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5-type zeolite (CuZSM5) has been investigated by using an adsorbed N2 species that is one of the products of the decomposition reaction of NO. Two dominant types of exchangeable sites in the CuZSM5 sample were ide…
A distance dependence study of the surface enhanced Raman effect has been performed using alkanethiol CH3(CH2)nSH self-assembled monolayers on top of rough silver surfaces. We found a decrease of the enhancement signal of the CH3 heads by a factor of 2, increasing the CH3–surface distance from 0.8 to 2.5 nm (n=5–17) a…
The aim of the study was to control the number of inertial cavitation bubbles in the focal area of an electromagnetic lithotripter in water independently of peak intensity, averaged intensity or pressure waveform. To achieve this, the shockwave pulses were applied in double pulse sequences, which were administered at…
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been used as a microscopic probe of the static and dynamic behavior of unstretched and stretched films of complexes. The stretched sample was previously reported to exhibit a fivefold increase in the ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures. The NMR data indicate th…
Polarizing microscope textures of the twist grain boundary A* (TGBA*) phase are reviewed for two different compounds in different geometries with different surface treatments giving monostable planar and homeotropic boundary conditions. The textures are discussed in the light of the helical structure of the TGBA* phas…
Adsorption of NO on Co-ZSM-5 leads to formation of Co2+(NO)2 dinitrosyls [νs(NO) at 1895 cm-1 and νas(NO) at 1812 cm-1], Co3+–NO linear species [ν(NO) at 1950 and 1937 cm-1] and NO+ occupying cationic zeolite positions [ν(NO) at 2133 cm-1]. The NO+ and Co3+–NO species are of low stability and can be removed by evacuat…
Tetrahedral pentaerythritol tetrabenzoates with semi-fluorinated alkyl chains have columnar liquid-crystalline phases with dramatically enhanced mesophase stabilities compared to the parent hydrocarbon derivatives.
A theoretical density functional study of the exchange coupling has been carried out for binuclear copper(II) compounds with oxamidate and related bridging ligands: oxalate, oxamate, ethylenetetraamidate, dithiooxamidate, dithiooxalate, tetrathiooxalate, bipyrimidine and bisimidazole. Model calculations have been used…
The rutile TiO2(110) (1×1) surface is considered the prototypical ‘well-defined’ system in the surface science of metal oxides. Its popularity results partly from two experimental advantages: (i) bulk-reduced single crystals do not exhibit charging, and (ii) stoichiometric surfaces, as judged by electron spectroscopie…
The rare earth vanadate TbVO4, undergoes a crystallographic phase transition below 33 K induced by a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect. Twinning of the crystal occurs upon this transition from the tetragonal high temperature phase to the orthorhombic low temperature phase resulting in a domain structure. Single crystal x…
The synthesis of p-tert-butyltetramercaptotetrathiacalix[4]arene 1 bearing eight sulfur atoms was achieved in high overall yield (80%); the synthetic strategy used was based on the synthesis of p-tert-butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene 2, treatment of the latter with N,N-dimethylthiacarbamoyl chloride under mild conditions,…
The oxozirconium clusters Zr6O2(OPr)16(OOC–C10H6O)2(PrOH)2 and Zr10O6(OH)4(OOC–C6H4OH)8(OOC–C6H4O)8· 6 PrOH were obtained in quantitative yield, when Zr(OPr)4 was reacted with a 10-fold excess of 1-hydroxy-β-naphthoic acid and salicylic acid, respectively. The naphthoate-substituted cluster has a rather open structure…