Materials Literature
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We present a parallel implementation of cellular automata to simulate chemical reactions on surfaces. The scaling of the computer time with the number of processors for this parallel implementation is quite close to the ideal T/P, where T is the computer time used for one single processor and P the number of processor…
Linear magnetization dynamics in the presense of a thermal bath is analyzed for two general classes of microscopic damping mechanisms. The resulting stochastic differential equations are always in the form of a damped harmonic oscillator driven by a thermal field. The damping term contains both the interaction mechani…
Surface modification of colloidal gold with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid was performed in the absence or in the presence of the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). The stability of the colloidal systems was assessed with optical absorption spectroscop…
Well-defined chiral fibers incorporating hydrogen-bonded oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) donor and perylene bisimide acceptor chromophores have been realized by self-assembly. Upon photoillumination of these fibers electron-transfer takes place, leading to charge separation within the aggregated dyes.
Experimental evidence of icosahedral short-range order in stable and deeply undercooled melts of pure metallic elements is obtained using the combination of electromagnetic levitation with neutron scattering. This icosahedral short-range order is shown to occur in the bulk metallic melt independently of the system inv…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid Fragility and the Glass Transition in Water and Aqueous SolutionsC. A. AngellView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 8, 2627–2650Publication Date (Web):July…
The stability of a hyperbolic disclination ring in a nematic liquid crystal is considered by extending the argument for a radial disclination ring due to Mori and Nakanishi. The ring configuration is indeed stable in the presence of the saddle-splay elasticity (characterized by K24). The ring radius is estimated to be…
Spironaphthoxazines conjugated with aza-15(18)-crown-5(6)-ether moieties at the 6′-position of the naphthalene fragment (Crown-containing Spironaphthoxazines, CSN) were synthesised and studied for the first time. The addition of Li+ and alkaline earth (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+) metal cations to CSN solutions results…
A silicon-on-insulator waveguide-based microcavity with short tapers has been realized by incorporating two identical eight-groove tapers at the two reflector extremities. The microstructure has an overall length of 14 μm and consists of two first-order Bragg mirrors with narrow slits (90 nm) and of four series of sli…
Pulsed-laser deposition has been used to fabricate Au/Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3/SrRuO3/MgO thin film capacitor structures. Crystallographic and microstructural investigations indicated that the Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) had grown epitaxially onto the SrRuO3 lower electrode, inducing in-plane compressive and out-of-plane tensile strai…
The correlation free energy of the many-body Coulomb interactions in the solution of rodlike polyelectrolytes with counterions is calculated. For this purpose a theory of the Debye-Hückel type, based on the density functional approach, is developed. We have shown that for all the analyzed regimes electrostatic interac…
The phase behavior of a liquid-crystal forming binary mixture of generic hard rodlike and platelike particles is studied with the theory of Onsager [L. Onsager, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 627 (1949)] for nematic ordering. The mixture is chosen to be symmetric at the level of the second virial theory, so that the phase…
In this letter, the shear-mode piezoelectric and electromechanical properties of 0.55Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.45PbTiO3 (PYNT45) single crystals are reported. The piezoelectric coefficients d15 and g15 were found to be 2100 pC/N and 0.064 Vm/N, respectively, with an electromechanical coupling coefficient k15 of 91% at room t…
We demonstrate that electrochemical capacitance–voltage profiling can be used to determine the free hole concentration in heavily p-type doped low-temperature-grown GaAs films. This provides a simple and reliable method for measuring the hole concentration in ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs semiconductor alloys. The method o…
A crack-free, mesoporous silica thin film (see Figure) has been formed on a macroporous support by prefilling the support pores with poly(vinyl alcohol). The ordered mesoporous silica thin film with narrow pore size distribution was synthesized via a sol–gel route. These thin films have a number of potential applicati…
Photodarkening of amorphous As2Se3 thin films was generated by a 633-nm HeNe laser. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of the chalcogenide glass was determined, both before and after exposure, by analyzing the material's transmission spectrum. In order to accurately determine the optical constants, the th…
Tensile tests were performed for Zn at room temperature, which show elongations of 110%–20% for average grain sizes of 240–23 nm, respectively. The ductility of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline Zn was found to decrease with grain size refinement. The deformation mechanisms in ultrafine-grained Zn are believed to…
With a recently developed ab initio nonequilibrium Green's-function formalism, we have investigated the transport behavior of small ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n},$ $n=1--10,$ 13, and 20 nanoclusters between atomistic Al and Au leads. All of the clusters display metallic $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics, with typical conductanc…
Dielectric spectra of ceramic samples of Ca1−xPbxTiO3 (0⩽x⩽0.4) solid solutions were studied at frequencies between 10 Hz and 1 MHz in a temperature range of 4.2–300 K. A ferroelectric phase transition was observed at x=0.3 with transformation to a relaxor type behavior at x>0.3. The transition temperature Tc f…
Within the mode-coupling theory for ideal glass transitions, an analysis of the correlation functions of glass-forming systems for states near higher-order glass-transition singularities is presented. It is shown that the solutions of the equations of motion can be asymptotically expanded in polynomials of the logarit…