Materials Literature
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The metastable pitting of A516‐70 carbon steel was studied under potentiostatic control in solutions containing chloride ions. It was shown that there were different current fluctuation patterns and spectral slopes, that is, roll‐off slopes, in passivity, general corrosion, and metastable pitting. Pits were often cove…
The spectroscopic properties of Mn3+ and Mn2+ ions have been studied in Mn:YAlO3 codoped with Ce and singly Mn-doped YAlO3.Mn3+ absorption at the 5E→5T2 transition, the transition between the Jahn–Teller split components of the ground state 5E, and Fano antiresonance mixing between the 3E and 5T2 states have been inve…
Communication: The use of core–shell latex morphology is reported here to produce three-dimensionally ordered arrays of fluorescent nanoparticles in polymer composite materials. With their soft, inert shells, the particles are easily ordered into an array, after which heat treatment melts the soft shells to give an ar…
The dielectric relaxation modes in low bismuth doped ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ were studied at temperatures 1.5--300 K and frequencies up to 1.8 GHz. We observe two modes, at 8 K (mode I) and 65 K (mode V), which also occur in single-crystalline ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}.$ With Bi doping, two further dielectric peaks, 18 K (…
In this work, two sets of lead fluoroindogallate glasses were studied with the aim of using them as active media for laser devices at the mid infrared (∼2.8 μm) and visible (∼0.54 μm) regions. The infrared and upconverted emissions of Er3+ in single and Er3+:Yb3+ codoped samples were analyzed, and it was observed that…
The crystallization kinetics of amorphous lactose in the presence and absence of seed crystals were investigated at 57.5% relative humidity. Isothermal crystallization studies were conducted gravimetrically in an automated vacuum moisture balance at several temperatures between 18 and 32 degrees C. The crystallization…
We have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet absorption measurements to determine unambiguous values of the electron affinities and band structure alignments for the three most popular ferroelectric memory materials (strontium bismuth tantalate SBT. lead zirconate-titanate PZT, and barium stront…
The dragline silk from Nephila clavipes was studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction in its original state, after supercontraction to L/Lo = 0.46, and during re-extension to its original length Lo. The fibers were carefully dried before each exposure. The molecular orientation in the crystalline regions is found to fol…
This paper presents a general framework for the formulation of constitutive models that incorporate a localized dissipative mechanism. The formalism of strong discontinuities is employed, allowing for the decoupling of the constitutive characterization of the continuum and localized responses of the material. A proced…
The influence of calcium and zinc ions on the corrosion inhibition effect of 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP) on carbon steel has been investigated by electrochemical techniques, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Addition of calcium or zinc ions greatly increased the inhibition…
The ferroelectric relaxor behavior in Bi-doped ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ was studied in the temperature range 1.5--300 K and up to 400 MHz. Some interesting results are shown: (1) Typical ferroelectric relaxor behavior develops out of the other impurity relaxation modes. The ferroelectric relaxor peaks occur on the quant…
Encapsulated types of contrast agents possess a specific acoustical signature. When the applied acoustic pressure exceeds a specific threshold, the scattering level increases abruptly for a short time. A “dualistic” character of the encapsulated gas bubbles explains this signature, observed for Quantison™ (air bubbles…
It is demonstrated that polyaniline can be solubilized in nitromethane via complexation with SnCl 4 . The solutions of PANI−SnCl 4 complex show UV−vis−NIR spectral features distinctly different from those reported for Brönsted acid doped PANI. The removal of the solvent results in the formation of a free-standing film…
A new self-consistent field theory (SCFT) method is introduced for evaluating the exact mean-field elastic properties of a diblock copolymer monolayer separating two immiscible homopolymer phases. The method is illustrated on ternary blends of A- and B-type homopolymers of equal size blended with AB diblock copolymers…
Manipulation of azobenzene moieties in polymer liquid crystals (PLCs) in three dimensions by means of unpolarized light is demonstrated here. When cis-azobenzenes, produced by irradiation for 1 min with unpolarized light at 366 nm, were subsequently irradiated at 436 nm, the resulting trans-azobenzenes could be aligne…
The texture of electroplated Cu lines of 0.375, 0.5 and 1.5 μm widths with Ta and TiN barrier layers was analyzed using x-ray pole figure and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Both techniques indicate a strong (111) fiber texture relative to the bottom surface of the trench for samples with a Ta barr…
Pulsed neutron-diffraction measurements were carried out on powder samples of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0<~x<~0.5)$ in order to study the local atomic structure of this system known for its colossal magnetoresistance phenomenon. The results are analyzed in terms of t…
A series of Ln(III) complexes of the type [Ln (BPSYT)2-NO3l. nH2O (where Ln = La, Ce, Pr. Nd. Sm. Eu, Gd, Tb. DY, Er, Yb. Y; HPSYT = 3-N-methylpiperidino-4-salicylideneamino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and n = 1-3) have been syntheeized by the direct reaction of 3-N-methylpiperjdino-4-salicylidene-amino-5-mercapto-l,2,4…
Thermal analysis is widely used in foundry to control melt preparation of cast irons. Its great versatility explains that many attempts have been made in the past to use it not only for controlling the composition but also to check the melt treatment in relation with the expected microstructure. Moreover, it has been…
Abstract The kaolinized granites of St. Austell, England, are worked to produce a range of china clay products, for some of which the kaolin has to meet stringent particle shape and size specifications. Systematic petrographic study indicates that kaolin occurs in the form of two textural types: (i) finely crystalline…