Materials Literature
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Abstract The use of surfactants offers an interesting possibility to control the crystallization from solutions. There are already some applications in technical scale. Yet, little knowledge exists on the mechanism of the effect and his dependence on surfactant concentration. Therefore, the displacement rates of selec…
The predictability of the National Defense Research Council (NDRC) equations to estimate penetration depth in concrete structures has been reevaluated using the presently available test results on missiles similar to those expected in a nuclear power plant. This study confirms the industry notion that the NDRC equatio…
The equilibrium state of polyethylene melt was studied by examining the effects of Tmelt and tmelt on the long period of B melt melt quenched polyethylene. The long period was found to be proportional to M−½ and to depend on Tmelt with a temperature coefficient α = −0.5 × 10−3. When the melt temperature was changed fr…
The available data on the reactions of Zircaloys, stainless steels, uranium metal and uranium dioxide with steam at temperatures above about 1000/sup 0/C and the reactions of core melts during concrete penetration have been reviewed and assessed for the IDCOR Program. The uranium metal is included because small quanti…
The efficiency of zinc gluconate (ZnGl) as an inhibitor of the corrosion of copper and zinc in natural sea water was studied by means of weight loss tests, potentiostatic polarisation and X-ray diffractometry.It was shown that, in naturally aerated conditions, up to 60% inhibition of copper corrosion is achieved with…
Samples of Nd doped LiYF4 single crystals (scheelite structure) were X-irradiated at room temperature and valence changes plus defect production by radiation damage were studied by optical spectroscopy techniques. The band centered at 3.70 eV showed a temperature dependent gaussian shape indicating a strong electron p…
塩化カルシウムとシリカ, アルミナおよび酸化チタンなどの酸性固体の混合物の分解反応を1気圧, 873K～1143Kの温度範囲で検討した. 塩化カルシウムはその融点以下で酸性固体に溶解し, 水蒸気中では塩化水素ガスを, 酸素気流中では塩素ガスを生成した. この分解速度は塩化カルシウムおよびシリカの濃度の1次, 水蒸気, 酸素の0.5次に比例し, 活性化エネルギーは, 塩化水素ガス生成の場合には89.0kJ/mol, 塩素ガス生成の場合には70.2kJ/molである.この塩化カルシウムの分解に対するシリカの作用は他のアルカリおよびアルカリ土類金属塩化物, 炭酸物および硫酸物に対しても同一である.
The friction-induced ignition of structural materials in oxygen has been investigated. A test arrangement has been designed that allows basic data for the oxidation reaction rate to be determined for various materials or pairs of materials. The rate at which oxidation energy is released at the rubbing interface is obt…
WATANABE (1982) developed an equation to obtain the river pollution index (RPIB) by which he tried to assess the general state of river pollution. This equation is based upon the water quality chart obtained from biological assessment. The water quality chart, however, only indicates the distribution of area with diff…
Abstract The decay of free radicals produced in polybutadiene, polystyrene, and block copolymers of butadiene and styrene by γ irradiation at 77 K has been studied at −110°C in the case of polybutadiene and at −95°C for the other samples. The free‐radical decay rate is best interpreted in terms of an equation based on…
Taking the hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase immobilized on anion-exchange resin as an example, the effects of mass-transfer resistance on the apparent stability of immobilized enzyme (IME) and the optimal policy for an IME reaction in a fixed-bed reactor have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The follow…
Particle reflection from solids at glancing incidence is analysed in terms of the Boltzmann transport equation using the diffusion approximation and the model of continuous slowing down in energy. The conditions permitting the use of the analytical formulae for ejection probability obtained for the case of weak stoppi…
The sequence of phase formation through the solidification range of BS 1400: AB2 nickel-aluminium bronze has been studied using both a controlled unidirectional solidification technique and isothermal treatments. Two different forms of iron-rich k1-phase were seen to be precipitated from the liquid at above the liquid…
Results of several uniaxial in-reactor creep tests, carried out in a temperature range of 553 to 623 K on Zircaloy-2 cold-worked specimens in fast flux (E > 1 MeV) from 1.2 × 1017 to 1.1 × 1018 n·m−2 · s and in a stress range from 98 to 157 MPa, are presented. The effects of instantaneous flux and applied tensile stre…
The transport properties of NaCI single crystals have been investigated using material with a cation impurity content ∼ 1 ppm and a dislocation density of 103-104 cm−2. Over the temperature range 374-505°, vacancy diffusion of 22Na through the lattice occurs with an energy of 1.25 eV. Marked linear tails in the diffus…
Energy loss and straggling for protons, deuterons and α-particles in thin gold foils were measured by the indirect transmission technique. The measured stopping powers of the hydrogen ions agree reasonably well with the semi-empirical values of Andersen and Ziegler. The measured stopping powers for the helium ions are…
Ion-profile analysis (by ion sputtering) and ultraviolet spectroscopic examination of thin plates (0.5 mm) of sodium borate glass (35 mol% Na2O), subjected to electrolysis using a thallium-amalgam anode and a platinum cathode, reveal migration of some sodium ions from the anode region and their replacement, at least p…
We measure the apparent bulk modulus corresponding to the layer compression of a SA liquid crystal, versus the frequency of an applied strain. For thin samples, we observe an elastic regime, a high frequency internal friction resonance, and at low frequency a stress relaxation attributed to the climb of edge dislocati…
A thin-film electrochromic device using Li 2 WO 4 , which is shown to be an Li electrolyte by the fact that the coloration response is independent of the atmosphere, is found to exhibit quick response (coloration: 50 ms, bleaching: 200 ms). The spontaneous coloration is suppressed by the deposition of a WO 3 film at l…
This paper presents a coordinate-free method of solving the problem of electromagnetic wave reflection from the surface of a uniaxially anisotropic medium. Based on the direct manipulation of vectors, dyadics, and their invariants, the method eliminates the use of coordinate systems. It facilitates solutions and provi…