Materials Literature
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We have fabricated epitaxial thin films of layered cobaltite AxCoO2 (A=Sr and Ca) on sapphire substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The grown phase in the AxCoO2 films was found to be a monoclinic β-phase of primitive layered cobaltites and the epitaxial orientation of the film could be controlled by the surface plan…
Nanopore arrays with pore diameters of approximately 75nm were fabricated in GaN films by inductively coupled plasma etching using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films as etch masks. Nanoporous AAO films were formed on the GaN surface by evaporating an Al film onto a GaN epilayer and subsequently anodizing the aluminum.…
We constructed ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors by room-temperature deposition of Si nanoparticle films on Si p-type substrates. Silicon nanoparticles of 1-nm diameter are dispersed from Si wafers using electrochemical etching. The current-voltage characteristics indicate a photoconductor in series with a diode-like ju…
Cesium oxides are materials of great interest to the photodetection industry because of their relatively low work function (∼1 eV). Used mainly as coating films for photoemissive devices, they provide high wavelength thresholds and high photocurrents. However, they are unstable, air-sensitive, and hygroscopic, renderi…
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to living organisms. In this paper, the reduction of Cr(VI) to the much less toxic trivalent state [Cr(III)] was studied at polyaniline films grown to different thickness. Much higher rates of Cr(VI) reduction were observed for the "thick" polya…
We have used activated carbon (AC) prepared from almond shells as a support for tungsten oxide to develop a series of WOx/AC catalysts for the catalytic combustion of toluene. We conducted the reaction between 300 and 350 degrees C, using a flow of 500 ppm of toluene in air and space velocity (GHSV) in the range 4000-…
Local switching properties in SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films have been studied by spatially resolved piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy. Variations in PFM contrast of individual grains due to their random crystallographic orientation are consistent with the grain switching behavior examined via vertical and…
The mystery of diamond nucleation by energetic species is resolved via a special deposition scheme. The evolution of the precursor material for diamond nucleation and the development of the nanodiamond crystallites are visualized by high resolution electron microscopy and other spectroscopies. The diamond precipitatio…
Previously, an inverted phase (the minority blocks comprising the continuum phase) was found in solution-cast block copolymer thin films. In this study, the effect of casting solvents on the formation of inverted phase has been studied. Two block copolymers, poly(styrene- b -butadiene) (SB) ( M w = 73 930 Da) and poly…
The NH-N-NH-N core of the porphyrin system represents one of the best studied and most versatile platforms for coordination chemistry. However, the replacement of one or more of the interior nitrogens with carbon atoms would be expected to diminish the ability of these systems to form metallo derivatives considerably.…
Motivated by the absence of cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and of magnetic ordering in ${\mathrm{LiNiO}}_{2}$, a layered oxide with triangular planes, we study a general spin-orbital model on the triangular lattice. A mean-field approach reveals the presence of several singlet phases between the $\mathrm{SU}(4)$ symme…
The RAPET reaction at 700 degrees C, of different alkoxides (Ti, V, and Si) led to three different nanocomposites. Carbon is the element common to all three structures. Carbon was found as the core in the decomposition of TEOS, as the shell in the decomposition of VO(OEt)3 and embedded in, or mixed completely with, Ti…
The structural parameters, thermal properties, and transport properties of three type I clathrates, namely ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{8}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{38}$, ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{30}$, and ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}{\mathrm{Si}}_{30}$, have been determined at or below room…
The kinetics for the complete combustion of methane was studied on a Pd foil in the regions where the oxide and then the metal were the bulk stable phases. The use of a model catalyst allowed the kinetics to be studied at higher temperatures than are possible on supported catalysts since heat and mass transport limita…
Field emission from carbon nanotubes grown on carbon cloth has been studied. An extremely low electric field of less than 0.4V∕μm is required to reach an emission current density of 1mA∕cm2. This ultralow operating electric field of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon cloth is mainly due to a very high field enhancement…
The adhesion and activation of monocytes and macrophages are thought to affect the foreign body response to implanted medical devices. However, these cells interact with devices indirectly, because of the prior adsorption of proteins. Therefore, we preadsorbed several "model" biomaterial surfaces with proteins and the…
BACKGROUND: To determine whether gadolinium-based contrast media (CM) could be used safely for angiographies in patients with renal dysfunction we investigated renal function after gadobutrol exposure and compared the results with standard iodinated CM (iohexol) in a randomized clinical study. METHODS: Twenty-one pati…
The self-assembly of a negatively charged conjugated polythiophene derivative and a positively charged synthetic peptide will create a chiral, well ordered supermolecule. This supermolecule has the three-dimensional ordered structure of a biomolecule and the electronic properties of a conjugated polymer. The molecular…
We demonstrate the realization of a highly efficient triggered source of single photons emitted by colloidal CdSe∕ZnS nanocrystals at room temperature. Under pulsed excitation, the fluorescence of single nanocrystals excited close to saturation exhibits a perfect antibunching and the probability to detect a single emi…
High-temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in Mn-doped indium–tin oxide (ITO) films deposited using reactive thermal evaporation. These films were grown on sapphire (0001), Si∕SiO2 as well as Si (100) substrates with the highest magnetic moment observed around 0.8μB∕Mn in 5% Mn-doped ITO films. The electrical con…