Materials Literature
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Materials for organic photovoltaic cells and light-emitting devices are reviewed. Dye-sensitized systems represent the most studied of these materials as they offer high efficiency of photoelectric energy conversion. Systems demonstrating efficient luminescence were identified; they are based on conjugated polymers, c…
Mixing a smectite clay with some dendritic surfactants shows that despite the large size of some of these molecules, a property that frustrates complete intercalation into the gallery of the clay, organoclay materials are obtained. X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) reveals no significant increases in lattice spacing as t…
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) shows fire retardant activity in poly(butylene terephthalate (PBT), as the LOI values increase and the UL94 rating improves. TG, FT-IR and GC/MS data provide evidence that APP interacts with PBT. Addition of APP changes the composition of the solid, high and low boiling decomposition produ…
Abstract This paper reports a method to produce networks of crystalline gallium oxide comprised of one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Because of the unique arrangement of wires, these crystalline networks are termed as ‘nanowebs’. Nanowebs are of great technological interest since they contain wire densities of the…
An ionized physical vapor deposition, negative sputter ion beam (NSIB) technology, is described for the deposition of super-smooth indium–tin oxide (ITO) thin films with highly transparent and conductive properties at near-room temperature deposition. A negatively charged sputter ion beam is produced by retrofitting a…
Trivalent Pu can be incorporated in the silicate apatite structure to form Ca 2 Pu 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 by sintering under reducing conditions, while the incorporation of tetravalent Pu in the Ca/rare earth sites in oxidizing or neutral conditions is limited to only 0.6 formula units (f.u.). The d ‐spacings and intensitie…
Abstract Previous work has shown that prebreakdown, electrical aging, and breakdown phenomena are directly associated with charge carriers injected from electrical contacts and their subsequent dissociative trapping and recombination. In addition, the energy released from each trapping or recombination event is dissip…
In development of the ceramic breeder blanket, the effective thermal conductivity of pebble beds is an important design parameter. For thermo-mechanical design of blanket, pebble beds were investigated used for Li2TiO3 that was a candidate for tritium breeder. Li2TiO3 pebble beds, whose size was 0.28-1.91 mm diameter,…
A worker noted a small wound to his thumb when leaving a work site that was undergoing decontamination because of past operations with plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am). Direct surveys of the wound site confirmed the presence of contamination. The chelating agent Ca-DTPA was administered via a nebuliser within an hour…
The microstructure and thermal stability of plastically deformed Al-5.9Mg-0.3Sc-0.18Zr alloy have been investigated. Severe plastic deformation has been performed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) straining at room temperature. The microstructure as a function of the number of rotations is studied by X-ray diffraction pe…
Abstract Extruded microcellular foams have been obtained from mixtures of polycarbonate (PC) and n‐pentane. Cell diameters were in the range of 2 to 5 μm and the foam densities varied between 400 and 700 kg/m 3 . Although two types of PC have been investigated, one linear and one branched, the presence of side branchi…
Abstract A research cooperation between USDA and the University of Pisa led to the development of several composite blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignocellulosic fibers. The cast films were prepared by blending orange fibers (OR‐fibers) and PVA with and without cornstarch to yield flexible and cohesive films…
We study the steady-state response to applied stress in a simple scalar model of sheared colloids. Our model is based on a schematic (F2) model of the glass transition, with a memory term that depends on both stress and shear rate. For suitable parameters, we find transitions from a fluid to a nonergodic, jammed state…
Abstract The hydroxyl end groups of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been transformed easily and quantitatively into amino groups via the Mitsunobu reaction. Phthalimide was alkylated with PEGs and the hydrazinolysis of the resulting phthalimido‐PEGs gave the amino compounds in high yields. Quaternization of the amino…
Pyruvate kinases (PK, EC 2.7.1.40) from three hyperthermophilic archaea (Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324, Aeropyrum pernix, and Pyrobaculum aerophilum) and from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima were compared with respect to their thermophilic, kinetic, and regulatory properties. PKs from the arch…
Achieving clean surfaces is a major and challenging requirement for the study of surfaces and surface reactions. Nondestructive cleaning is a crucial step in semiconductor manufacturing, growth of materials, and processing. We use photoemission spectroscopy (PES) to systematically study the core and valence band elect…
Abstract In Part 1 of this contribution we have reported how the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter χ can be modeled as a function of chain length within the composition range of pair interaction between the macromolecules by means of the three parameters α , ζ , and λ . This contribution presents the extension of th…
TiO2 is frequently used in optical coatings as an inexpensive material with a particularly high refractive index. Often this high refractive index is only achieved if the substrate is heated to enable the deposition of crystalline films with rutile structure. In this study titanium oxide films have been deposited by d…
Abstract A large number of outstanding physical properties observed in perovskite‐type oxides, such as giant piezoelectricity, colossal magneto‐resistance and high‐ T c superconductivity, are related to an intrinsic nano‐scaled local structure. For instance, the presence of a nano‐scaled structure is characteristic of…
Abstract The background of several electrochemical techniques – recording of the corrosion potential E corr , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise analysis (ENA) and recording of potentiodynamic polarization curves – has been discussed and examples of the use of these techniques in studi…