Materials Literature
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Lattice strain of epitaxially grown single crystal Fe3(Al,Si)/GaAs films was measured in a synchrotron x-ray scattering experiment. The Fe3Al film (2.5% lattice mismatch) was partially strained and tetragonally distorted at room temperature. As the sample was annealed to 500 °C, the internal strain was mostly relaxed…
We have measured the thermopower S(T,H) and resistivity ρ(T,H) of laser ablated La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films, as a function of temperature and external magnetic field. On heating, a metal–insulator transition occurs at temperatures below the resistivity peak, observed via a jump between a low T regime, where S∝T, and a high…
A mixed-mode twisted nematic (MTN) liquid crystal cell is developed for both reflective-mode projection and direct-view displays. This MTN cell exhibits two times higher brightness and eliminates the parallax problem as commonly observed in reflective displays using a nominal transmissive TN cell. In the meantime, the…
Dielectric spectroscopy has been performed on supercooled glycerol for frequencies 3 μHz ⩽ ν ⩽ 40 GHz and temperatures between 100 K ⩽ T ⩽ 500 K. Hence, the absorptive part of the dielectric susceptibility was measured at comparable frequencies as the dynamic susceptibility obtained by neutron and light scattering tec…
We present a complete theory of polarization measurements of second-order nonlinear light scattering in isotropic solutions of nonlinear molecules. The nonlinear interaction between the molecules and input beams at frequencies ω1 and ω2 gives rise to incoherently scattered radiation at frequency ω1+ω2. The fundamental…
Calorimetric heats of adsorption and sticking probabilities are reported for NO and CO on both the reconstructed hex and the unreconstructed (1×1) surfaces of Pt{100} by single crystal adsorption calorimetry (SCAC), at room temperature. The hex surface reverts to the (1×1) structure during adsorption of both gases, as…
The dynamics of atactic polystyrene (PS) has been studied by a quasielastic neutron scattering technique in a temperature range of 21–475 K covering the glass transition temperature Tg (=373 K). The so-called fast process in picosecond order is observed similarly to other glass-forming materials in supercooled states…
A phenomenological approach to the stretching mode vibrational frequencies of defects in semiconductors is proposed. A novel quantum scale is defined in terms of the first principles pseudopotential based orbital radius and the principal quantum number of the element concerned. A universal linear relationship between…
Three monomers with different degrees of unsaturation, 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol, are plasma-deposited to obtain alcohol functions containing polymers. To obtain information on the behaviors of these monomers in the plasma, the polymers deposited in the reactor and in the postdischarge region ar…
Polar monomers have been grafted onto polyolefin surfaces with the aid of inert gas plasma. In the first stage, an inert gas plasma (argon plasma) was used to generate free radicals on the polyolefin surface. In the second stage, the plasma generator was turned off and a vinyl monomer introduced as a vapor. Monomer wa…
Dense films of poly[(4-ethylphenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphazene] (PEPP), a potentially attractive ion-exchange membrane material, were crosslinked to varying degrees using UV light and a photoinitiator. This polymer contained two kinds of substituents: phenoxy groups to be used for possible functionalization (e.g., sulfonati…
Solution copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with various vinyl acids, i.e., acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and itaconic acid (IA), was carried out in DMF at 70°C using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator with an acidic monomer of 0.012–0.092 mol %. Copolymers were characterized by FTIR,…
We investigated the adsorption and heterolytic dissociation of H2O and H2 molecules on a (ZnO)22 cluster corresponding to ZnO (0001), (000(OVERBAR)1), and (10(OVERBAR)10) surfaces using MNDO, AM1 and PM3 semiempirical procedures. The geometry of the adsorbed molecule has been optimized in order to analyze binding ener…
Several recombinant Escherichia coli strains, including XL1-Blue, JM109, HB101, and DH5α harboring a stable high-copynumber plasmid pSYL105 containing the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes were constructed. These recombinant strains were examined for their ability to synthesize and ac…
The crystalline basement of the Black Forest is under consideration as a possible repository for radioactive waste. Crystalline rock has traditionally been considered impermeable, even though very deep wells such as the Kola well in the former Soviet Union have been found to contain open, water‐filled fissures at more…
Microstructural and texture evolution during grain growth in polycrystalline thin films was investigated. Grain growth in thin films is a coarsening process driven by the reduction of grain boundary energy, surface energies, and strain energy density. Because crystal properties can be anisotropic, grain growth in thin…
An enzyme that reduces methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues in proteins [peptide Met(O) reductase (MsrA), EC 1.8.4.6; originally identified in Escherichia coli] was purified from bovine liver, and the cDNA encoding this enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The mammalian homologue of E. coli msrA (also called pmsR) cDNA…
We report six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of dissociative adsorption and associative desorption of the system H_2/Pd(100) using an ab-initio potential energy surface. We focus on rotational effects in the steering mechanism, which is responsible for the initial decrease of the sticking probability with…
Due to the improvement of computer power and the development of efficient algorithms it is now possible to combine high-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of the dissociative adsorption of molecular beams with reliable ab-initio potential energy surfaces (PES). In this brief review two recent examples of such…
We observe nonlinear phenomena in vibrating smectic films. In particular, the shapes and positions of steps present in smectic films are affected by film vibrations. Above a certain threshold, we observe an instability in the meniscus consisting of the formation of a peninsula-shaped step. We point out that these effe…