Materials Literature
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The bulk amorphous-like (a-) semiconductor, a-ZnIn2Te4, is prepared by the melt-quench technique. The pseudodielectric-function spectra, 〈ε(E)〉=〈ε1(E)〉+i〈ε2(E)〉, of a-ZnIn2Te4 are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 1.2–5.3 eV photon-energy range at room temperature. The measured 〈ε(E)〉 spectra strongly rese…
Abstract Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and ist 3‐hydroxyvalerate containing copolymers form a family of fully biodegradable polyesters with many potential applications. In this work, the results obtained in our laboratory concerning carbon dioxide, water and organic solvent transport through PHB and three low 3‐hydrox…
The formation of ettringite (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·3CaSO 4 ·32H 2 O) from monosulfate (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·CaSO 4 ·12H 2 O) and gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) was investigated by isothermal calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Hydration was carried out at constant temperatures from 30° to 80°C using deionized water and 0.2…
A combined electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and probe beam deflection (PBD) instrument was used to monitor the mobile species transfers at the first and second redox steps of thin (Γ ≅ 5 × 10 -8 mol cm -2 ) poly( o -toluidine) films exposed to either 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mol dm -3 HClO 4 aqueous electro…
Potassium or chromium were evaporated by means of a Knudsen effusion cell under ultra-high vacuum conditions onto a number of common polymers, prepared as stretched foils and spin-coated films. The metal-polymer interface was studied by X-ray Absorption and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Evaporated samples were ana…
Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise the structure of three very different particulate composite systems: aramid particles in nylon 6.6, cast iron (graphite particles in an iron matrix) and C60 or carbon nanotubes in an epoxy resin matrix. In addition, Raman spectroscopy has been used to follow the stress-…
The effects of thermal exposure on the strengths of Nextel™ 550 and 720 tows, bare and coated with carbon, were determined by room‐temperature tensile testing of single filaments extracted from tows that had been exposed to different thermal environments (i.e., air or vacuum) at temperatures from 550° to 1400°C. The r…
In the present paper, a computational model is used to simulate the aero-dynamic, thermal, and chemical conditions inside an arch-fired coal boiler. The model is based on the Eulerian-Eulerian concept, in which Eulerian conservation equations are solved both for the gas and the particulate phases. A NOx formation and…
Structure development in silica filled polyisoprene composites was investigated by wide line pulsed NMR and high-resolution solid-state NMR combined with transmission electron microscopy. The rubber phase in the composites was composed of so-called bound rubber and free rubber. Furthermore, the bound rubber was compos…
Abstract Vegetable oils are often thermally polymerized to provide a vehicle for printing inks and paints. The formations of isomerization, and the intra‐ and intermolecular bonds involved in the thermal process are crucial in designing a product with the appropriate characteristics. It was found, with a differential…
A product of the chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with triethanolamine was used as a polyol component for rigid polyurethane foam synthesis. Miscibility of the product with water, some polar organic solvents and commercial polyols was investigated. Viscosities of the product as a function of…
Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable substitutes to fossil fuel plastics that can be produced from renewable raw materials such as saccharides, alcohols and low‐molecular‐weight fatty acids. They are completely degradable to carbon dioxide and water through natural microbiological mineralization. Co…
Amino acid alterations were designed at the C terminus of the hinge segment (amino acids approximately 51-59) that links two functional domains within lactose repressor protein (LacI). Gly was introduced between Gly(58) and Lys(59) to generate Gly(58+1); Gln(60) was changed to Gly or Pro, and up to three additional gl…
Bulbous rush ( Juncus bulbosus ) initiates plant colonization in extremely acid lakes resulting from coal mining operations. Various analytical techniques (methylene blue/agar method, Ti 3+ ‐citrate solution) X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) were used to as…
The homologous compounds In 1− x Ga 1+ x O 3 (ZnO) k (where k = 1, 2, or 3) were prepared at a temperature of 1400°C. The solubility limits (as determined via X‐ray diffractometry) were 0.47 < [In]/([In] + [Ga]) < 0.67 for the k = 1 member, 0.35 < [In]/([In]+[Ga]) < 0.77 for the k = 2 member, and 0.29 <…
The mechanism of mullite crystallization in Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 glass fibers with compositions of 49 and 69 mass% Al 2 O 3 was investigated using isothermal methods. The activation energies ( E a ) of the nucleation and nucleation‐growth of mullite were obtained from the temperature dependence of the incubation times and…
Municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling targets have been set nationally and in many states. Unfortunately, the definitions of recycling, rates of recycling, and the appropriate components of MSW vary. MSW recycling has been found to be costly for most municipalities compared to landfill disposal. MSW recycling policy s…
We demonstrate the formation of an ${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ thin film in an orthorhombic phase which has previously been found in high-pressure experiments. Our starting point was the pulsed-laser deposition of an amorphous film of SnO on Si [001] substrates. During a series of subsequent heat treatments in air, the film…
The fatigue resistance and tensile properties of a precipitate strengthened Cu–Ni–Si alloy have been investigated. Underaged material exhibited greater work hardening rates than either the peak aged or overaged material. It is proposed that this occurs because the δ-Ni2 Si precipitates can be cut by dislocations, but…
Polyglycolide (polyglycolic acid, PGA) was prepared by thermally induced solid-state polycondensation from sodium chloroacetate. This reaction leads to a composite of PGA with NaCl, out of which the latter can be extracted by washing with water. A highly porous polymer remains. The course of the reaction was followed…