Materials Literature
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
This tutorial review, of relevance for the surface science and heterogeneous catalysis communities, provides a molecular-level discussion of the nature of the active sites in metal catalysis. Fundamental concepts such as "Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations" and "volcano curves" are introduced, and are used to establish…
Functionalization via covalent grafting of organic functions allows to tune the redox and acid-base properties, and the solubility of polyoxometalates, to enhance their stability and biological activity and to reduce their toxicity, to facilitate their implementation in extended structures and functional devices. We d…
Nanotechnology is providing new solutions and opportunities to ensure sustainable energy and environments for the future. Materials of nanofiberous morphology are attractive to solve numerous energy and environmental issues. Nanofibers can be effectively produced by electrospinning, which is a simple and low cost tech…
The field of polymers derived from non‐petrochemical feedstocks is gaining a great deal of momentum from both a commercial and academic sense. Using annually renewable feedstocks, such as biomass, for the production of new plastics can have both economic and environmental benefits. Fundamental research in the producti…
The ability of materials to self-heal from mechanical and thermally induced damage is explored in this paper and has significance in the field of fracture and fatigue. The history and evolution of several self-repair systems is examined including nano-beam healing elements, passive self-healing, autonomic self-healing…
We report an approach to synthesize high quality graphene by surface segregation and substrate transfer. Graphene was segregated from Ni surface under the ambient pressure by dissolving carbon in Ni at high temperatures followed by cooling down with various rates. Different cooling rates led to different segregation b…
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at extremely high enhancement level turns the weak inelastic scattering effect of photons on vibrational quantum states into a structurally sensitive single-molecule and nanoscale probe. The effect opens up exciting opportunities for applications of vibrational spectroscopy in…
This tutorial review discusses a new class of colloidal metal nanoparticles that is able to enhance the efficiencies of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by as much as 10(14)-10(15) fold. This enormous enhancement allows spectroscopic detection and identification of single molecules located on the nanoparticle…
This tutorial review looks at the design rules that allow peptides to be exploited as building blocks for the assembly of nanomaterials. These design rules are either derived by copying nature (alpha-helix, beta-sheet) or may exploit entirely new designs based on peptide derivatives (peptide amphiphiles, pi-stacking s…
This tutorial review presents an overview of theoretical methods for predicting and understanding the optical response of gold nanoparticles. A critical comparison is provided, assisting the reader in making a rational choice for each particular problem, while analytical models provide insights into the effects of ret…
High temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), typified by developers such as Siemens Westinghouse and Rolls-Royce, operate in the temperature region of 850-1000 degrees C. For such systems, very high efficiencies can be achieved from integration with gas turbines for large-scale stationary applications. However, hi…
First published in 1962, and now in its fourth edition, Physical properties of textile fibres has become a classic, providing the standard reference on key aspects of fibre performance. The new edition has been substantially reorganised and revised to reflect new research. After introductory chapters on fibre structur…
This critical review gives a short overview of the widespread use of gold nanoparticles in biology. We have identified four classes of applications in which gold nanoparticles have been used so far: labelling, delivering, heating, and sensing. For each of these applications the underlying mechanisms and concepts, the…
In this tutorial review, we summarise recent research into the controlled growth of gold nanoparticles of different morphologies and discuss the various chemical mechanisms that have been proposed to explain anisotropic growth. With the overview and discussion, we intended to select those published procedures that we…
All this (and much more) forms a consistent, logical, and widely accepted story—which, however, cannot be sustained from the records of actual woods or forests. It is a pseudo- history which has no connexion with the real world, and is made up of factoids. A factoid looks like a fact, is respected as a fact, and has a…
Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 26 presents the complete Proceedings of all contributions to the X European Powder Diffraction Conference in Geneva 2006: Method Development and Application Instrumental Software Development Materials Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie pu…
The time consolidation of bulk solids, known as “caking,” plays an important role in many industries. To investigate the bridge formation between two discrete particles under real storage conditions a new experimental setup has been designed. In this study, the aim is to predict the caking behavior of hygroscopic mate…
The relationship between microstructure and dissolution rate of three-component granules was investigated. Granules were prepared by fluid bed granulation from sucrose spheres as model excipient, sodium chloride as model active ingredient, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as in situ melt binder. A novel method for contro…
A novel method is described for the preparation of nanocomposites comprising a high performance rubber for tire application and layered silicates clay. In this work nanocomposites of solution‐styrene butadiene rubber (S‐SBR) with montmorillonite layered silicate were prepared with carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), a…
First-principles calculation has been performed on the simple hydrides LiH and MgH2 using the full-potential linearized augmented waves (FP-LAPW). The electronic structure and structural stability are studied. The formation energy has been investigated on these promising candidates for hydrogen storage applications. O…