Materials Literature
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We study a colloidal suspension confined between two quasiparallel walls as a model system for glass transitions in confined geometries. The suspension is a mixture of two particle sizes to prevent wall-induced crystallization. We use confocal microscopy to directly observe the motion of colloidal particles. This moti…
The dynamical model of forming of martensitic crystals for the bcc-hcp transition is offered. It is shown that all macroscopic morphological characters (the habit plane, the macroshear and the orientational relationship) are expressed through elastic moduluses Cij of an initial bcc phase.
We propose a novel mechanism for photogeneration of multiexcitons by single photons (carrier multiplication) in semiconductor nanocrystals. In this mechanism, the Coulomb interaction between two valence-band electrons involving their transfer to the conduction band creates a virtual biexciton from vacuum that is then…
The high-pressure structural behavior of the fluoroperovskite $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ is investigated by theory and experiment. Density functional calculations were performed within the local density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation effects, as imple…
Diffraction restricts the ability of most electromagnetic devices to image or selectively target objects smaller than the wavelength. We describe planar subwavelength structures capable of focusing well beyond the diffraction limit, operating at arbitrary frequencies. The structure design, related to that of Fresnel p…
This paper presents a novel method for the fabrication of SiO 2 /Ag composite spheres with the aid of the reducing and stabilizing function of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In this approach, [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + ions were first adsorbed on the surfaces of silica spheres via electrostatic attraction between the silanol group…
Metallic elements having negative enthalpies of mixing tend to form characteristic local atomic clusters. In this review, we use the structural information in the first nearest neighbour shell level, or first-shell atomic cluster, to derive the composition rules of two types of complex alloy phases, quasicrystals and…
The immobilization of proteins on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles and the subsequent recognition of the targeted proteins provide an effective means for the separation of proteins via application of a magnetic filed. A key challenge is the ability to fabricate such nanoparticles with the desired core-shell nanostru…
We report the direct synthesis of strong, highly conducting, and transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films. Systematically, tests reveal that the directly synthesized films have superior electrical and mechanical properties compared with the films made from a solution-based filtration process: the electri…
The solid-state transformation phenomena of spinodal decomposition and nucleation and growth are presented as tools to create nanostructured thermoelectric materials with very low thermal conductivity and greatly enhanced figure of merit. The systems (PbTe)(1-x)(PbS)(x) and (Pb(0.95)Sn(0.05)Te)(1-x)(PbS)(x) are not so…
A novel nonpolar structure of 2 monolayer (ML) thick ZnO(0001) films grown on Ag(111) has been revealed, using surface x-ray diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Zn and O atoms are arranged in planar sheets like in the hexagonal boron-nitride prototype structure. The observed depolarization is accompanied by…
Never-dried and once-dried hardwood celluloses were oxidized by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system, and highly crystalline and individualized cellulose nanofibers, dispersed in water, were prepared by mechanical treatment of the oxidized cellulose/water slurries. When carboxylate co…
SUPERFLIP is a computer program that can solve crystal structures from diffraction data using the recently developed charge-flipping algorithm. It can solve periodic structures, incommensurately modulated structures and quasicrystals from X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Structure solution from powder diffraction d…
Phaser is a program for phasing macromolecular crystal structures by both molecular replacement and experimental phasing methods. The novel phasing algorithms implemented in Phaser have been developed using maximum likelihood and multivariate statistics. For molecular replacement, the new algorithms have proved to be…
A novel transparent conductive film In 2 O 3 :Mo (IMO) was sputtered onto a Si wafer, and the energy band alignment at the IMO/Si interface was studied. A large built-in potential ( V d = 1.77 eV) was detected by capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) measurement, and the schematic band alignment of IMO/p-Si was plotted. The c…
Abstract Biochips of corrugated gold and silver displaying surface plasmon resonance at different energies are fabricated to determine the nature of the mechanism responsible for the surface‐enhanced chemiluminescence (SECL) of luminol. This Full Paper proves that, whereas silver possesses the strongest resonance and…
Ins Ziel getroffen: An selbstorganisierten polymeren Nanopartikeln aus einem amphiphilen Copolymer mit Furangruppen am äußeren Polyethylenglycolkranz sind Diels-Alder-Reaktionen mit Maleimid-funktionalisierten Antikörpern zur Synthese von Immun-Nanopartikeln (siehe Bild) möglich. Das einfache und saubere Kupplungsverf…
Abstract Lanthanide metal (II) 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenoxide complexes (ArO) 2 Ln(THF) 3 (Ln = Sm 1 , Yb 2 ) alone have been developed to catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylenecarbonate (TMC) and random copolymerization of TMC and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) for the first time. The influence of reaction con…
Abstract The effects of SiO 2 nanoparticles on the performance of carboxyl‐randomized liquid butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber (CRBN) modified epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites were studied. With the addition of an appropriate amount of SiO 2 (2%) to EP/CRBN (95/5), the nanocomposites could achieve the desired impact stren…
Abstract Natural rubber (NR), polyurethane rubber (PUR), and NR/PUR‐based nanocomposites were prepared by adding a pristine synthetic layered silicate (LS; sodium fluorohectorite) in 10 parts per hundred parts rubber, following the latex compounding route. The dispersion of the LS latices in the composites was studied…