Materials Literature
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The domain configuration of rhombohedral PZN-8%PT single crystals has been observed as a function of electric-field and crystallographic orientation using polarizing microscope. Although a single domain state could be achieved by applying an E-field along the rhombohedral polar direction [111], a multidomain state was…
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction patterns were used to analyze the mineral structure and organic matrix composition and thermal behavior of the internal nacreous layer (mother of pearl or nacre) of the shell of the giant oyster Pinctada maxima. Nacre is a natural biomaterial with o…
The effect of the crystallinity of boehmite powders on the temperatures of γ-Al 2 O 3 formation and the θ- to α-Al 2 O 3 transformation was investigated using boehmite powders of varying crystallite size prepared under various hydrothermal conditions. With increasing crystallite size of the boehmite powders, the speci…
The multilayer relaxation at (100), (110), (111), (210), (211), (310), (311) and (331) surfaces of the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Al and Pb are calculated using the modified embedded atom method. The `anomalous' outward relaxation at Al (100), (111), Pt (111), and Cu (111) surfaces is described correctly. The…
An appraisal of on-line monitoring techniques to detect airgap eccentricity in three-phase induction motors is presented. On-line current monitoring is proposed as the most applicable method in the industrial environment and a novel analysis strategy is explained. The practical details of on-site case histories and an…
Chemically directed assembly of nanoscale materials is often an attractive alternative to techniques such as chemical vapor deposition or lithography. In this paper the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) assemblies of solid poly(pyrrole)—the Figure shows a transmission electron microscope image—and the use of metal nan…
Blue minerals and gems have always been subjects of fascination to man. In particular lapislazuli is and was highly esteemed and also used as a precious stone and as a pigment. The host compound is the zeolite-type sodalite and the colour centres are S2– and S3–, whose amount ratio determines the specific hue, varying…
The first ever application of corroles shows that their metal complexes are good catalysts, almost as potent as the corresponding metalloporphyrins in the oxygenation of hydrocarbons by iodosylbenzene and superior for the cyclopropanation of olefins by carbenoids.
We have developed a new cell culture substrate grafted with a temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) using an electron beam irradiation method. These surfaces are hydrophobic in culture at 37 degrees C due to the hydration/dehydration changes intrinsic to PIPAAm at 32 degrees C, and they…
A product study of the sonolysis of the volatile substrate t-butanol in aqueous solution indicates that substrate decomposition is practically completely determined, even at concentrations as low as millimolar, by oxidative pyrolysis going on in the gas phase within the collapsing cavitational bubble. OH-Radical-induc…
Nanocrystalline CdS with different morphologies and particle sizes was obtained via a novel solvothermal reaction between cadmium salts such as Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O or CdSO 4 ·8/3H 2 O and thiourea (Tu) at relatively low temperature. It is found that solvents play an important role in controlling the morphology and par…
The first release of the Thermodynamic Database for Proteins and Mutants (ProTherm) contains more than 3300 data of several thermodynamic parameters for wild type and mutant proteins. Each entry includes numerical data for unfolding Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change, heat capacity change, transition temperatur…
Zirconium-cerium mixed oxides were prepared by two methods: (i) sol-gel hydrolysis of alcoholic solutions of zirconium alkoxides (n-propoxide and n-butoxide) in the presence of aqueous solutions of cerium nitrate (method SG) or (ii) coprecipitation of aqueous solutions of zirconyl and cerium nitrates by ammonia (metho…
Colloidal spheres interacting via a purely repulsive potential provide an excellent model system to study the kinetics of solidification from the melt. Such systems are readily accessible by comparably simple yet powerful optical methods like time resolved static light scattering and microscopy, reviewed in the first…
The oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel (SS, UNS S30400) in high-temperature, high-purity water containing oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemica…
Nanoparticles of semiconductor materials have been the subject of intense research in the last five years owing to the novel electronic, catalytical and optical properties observed in such materials. The unusual properties of these so called quantum dots can be attributed to two main factors: the large surface to volu…
Atomistic simulation techniques have been employed to investigate the energetics of cation formation and migration in cubic, rhombohedral and orthorhombic LaMnO 3 . The calculations suggest that for rhombohedral and orthorhombic lanthanum manganite, oxidative nonstoichiometry leads to the formation of cation vacancies…
Oxides have gained increasing interest in surface science during recent years because of their important role in applications. In the first part of the lecture we review the current knowledge on morphology and structure of surfaces of bulk single crystals as well as oxide films. The interaction of oxide surfaces with…
An organically modified fluorohectorite intercalated by a well-defined cationic palladium complex forms an exfoliated polyolefin–silicate nanocomposite material when exposed to olefinic monomer.
The formula derived by Nobuyasu Sato (1980 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 13 L3-L6), for the current flowing in an external circuit due to the motion of charged particles in a gap is extended to include a time-dependent applied voltage. The effects of negative ions, and electron, positive ion and negative ion diffusion are a…