Materials Literature
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Gallium telluride single crystals have been grown and cleaved to form thin platelet specimens. Small-area contacts on opposite faces produce threshold switching characteristics when high fields are applied across them, while large-area contact produce memory switching. Detailed measurements of conductivity under DC an…
The temperature dependences from 4·2 to 300 K of the seven adiabatic elastic constants of CaWO 4 have been determined by measurements of ultrasound wave velocities using the `sing-around' and pulse superposition methods. The adiabatic elastic constants have been calculated from the measured ultrasound wave velocities…
The kinetics of the solute effect on solvent electromigration and the vacancy-flow effect on solute electromigration have been analyzed. The Howard and Manning type analysis has been applied to the diffusion data of a number of solutes in Al, Cu, Ag, and Au for determining the required jumping-frequency ratios. The cr…
A neutron diffraction study of L-glutamine, C s H I o N 2 O a , has been carried out. Space group P212121; Z= 4; a = 16.020 (10), b = 7.762 (6), c = 5 119 (4) ,~. Full-matrix least-squares refinements, including anisotropic temperature factors for all atoms and an extinction correction, have led to a conventional R va…
The theory of x-ray photoemission (and related experiments) involving the excitation of a core state interacting with plasmons is presented. Specifically, the effects of the solid surface have been calculated, thus complementing the authors' previous calculation of the bulk effects. The strengths of the surface- and b…
Valence-band spectra of Cu, Ni, and Ag, obtained using x-ray photoemission, are compared with one-electron densities of states. Similar measurements on the CuNi and AgPd alloy systems are shown to be compatible with the predictions of the coherent-potential approximation.
An experimental examination of the spin forbidden transitions of molecular oxygen dissolved in various solvents and in the gas phase reveals the following selection rules governing the intermolecular enhancement of these transitions: (i) Nonheavy atom solvents selectively enhance the 1Δg← 3Σg− transition (factor of 10…
Mixtures consisting of conducting particles dispersed in an insulating medium are considered, and the electrical conduction which can occur by particles touching is related to the proportion of conducting material present in the mix, and its conductivity. It is found that limiting values of conduction can be obtained…
The previous microcoscopic models of photoemission are developed and reformulated in order to include inelastic scattering effects. A general expression is given for the photocurrent and its energy distribution (EDC). The problem of inelastic scattering is more thoroughly discussed in the case of electron-phonon inter…
The valence-band structures of MnO, CoO, NiO, CuO, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, Ni${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, NiS, and KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ have been obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Band widths and positions are obtained, and are compared with the results of band-structure calculations. Bandwidths for the oxides are…
Between 30 and 290 K the thermal expansion of vitreous silica is shown to be particularly sensitive to thermal history. Values given for the linear coefficient α were determined relative to copper, and existing reference data for copper are discussed. α for silicon has also been measured relative to copper from 55 K t…
The polyhedral inclusions of Thiobacillus neapolitanus have been isolated; they contain ribulose diphosphate carboxylase.
Anion self-diffusion has been studied in PbBr2 and AgBr using an isotope exchange technique. In addition the diffusion of Pb in PbBr2 has been measured using 210Pb as tracer and a chemical sectioning method. The effect of bromine gas pressure on anion diffusion has been examined for both materials. In the case of PbBr…
The effect of various sewing conditions and needle characteristics on the temperature observed during high speed sewing has been studied. The maximum needle temperatures were determined by means of infrared (ir) flux measurements. A complete statistical experiment was used to show the effect of sewing speed, the use o…
The unit Burgers vectors of perfect grain boundary dislocations, in near coincidence site lattice (c.s.l.) boundaries, are determined for the case of the b.c.c. and f.c.c. structures. The method of Frank for low-angle boundaries is applied to the determination of the dislocation content of a general grain boundary, an…
The scanned field performance of probe forming systems has been investigated leading to various methods for increasing the current that may be delivered into an electron probe scanning a square field of 104 lines. Programs for evaluating the third-order aberrations of both lenses and single and double deflection syste…
The predominant defects in the fluorite structure are anion vacancies and interstitials. Cation defects occur at a much smaller rate and are therefore more difficult to study. They are, however, of crucial interest since they are rate-determining for many high temperature matter transport processes. Cation diffusion w…
Demagnifying EPS have the capacity to generate as much as 5000 line pairs per diameter at a resolution as small as 0.1 μ. The diameter of the recorded image and the maximum number of line pairs per diameter decrease with increasing values of the chromatic field aberrations of the lens system, and with increasing relat…
An experimental study has been made of magnetic hysteresis in plastically deformed and annealed gadolinium (Gd) metal as a function of annealing temperature. Seven plastically deformed samples were annealed at temperatures ranging from 155° to 916°C; major and minor magnetic hysteresis loops of these seven samples plu…
An analysis of three-dimensional asymmetric field distribution in SF6 gas insulated cables is shown. The equations to be used in the calculation are derived drecty from Gauss' theorem, and this procedure is quite simple. The field problems in the cables with epoxy pole spacers are solved by digital computer. The solut…