Materials Literature
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Electrochemical and physical aspects of the dissolution of hydrogen in niobium with an ideal or a real structure are discussed. The interactions of hydrogen with various crystal lattice defects and the changes in physico-mechanical characteristics of niobium caused by hydrogenation are analysed. Data on the kinetics a…
The principal advances in the theory and practice concerning the initial stages of the electrocrystallisation of metals are considered. The thermodynamic and kinetic relations for the phase formation processes in electrochemical systems and the influence of the kinetics of the discharge of ions and of the adsorption o…
An analysis has been made of the linear response of polarization to a uniform change in temperature, in its gradient (thermal polarization effect), in macroscopic deformation and in its gradient (flexoelectric effect). It has been shown how the use of some definitions of polarization widespread in the literature can l…
Microcrystalline samples of BC8 silicon III and hexagonal silicon IV, grown under high pressure in the diamond anvil cell, remain metastable at ambient pressure. Hall-effect and low-temperature resistivity measurements show Si III to be a hole semimetal with p\ensuremath{\approxeq}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${…
Neutron diffraction measurements were made on artificial superlattices of CoO-NiO, (CoO)m(NiO)n×l prepared on the (0001) surface of α-Al2O3. (111) layers of CoO and NiO, each less than 2 nm thick (2≤m,n≤8), were stacked alternatively to a total thickness of less than 70 nm (m+n≤15,l≤25). A well-defined magnetic Bragg…
While there is no fundamental reason that fluids should not be ferroelectric the only known ferroelectric fluids are chiral smectic-C liquid crystals. In this paper we argue that a variety of nonchiral layered (smectic) phases composed of properly designed oligomeric or polymeric molecules will also be ferroelectric.…
Heavily doped ZnO:Al films were made by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering. Spectrophotometry in the 0.3–50 μm range proved that the films were suitable for energy-efficient windows. The optical data could be reconciled with a theory involving a free-electron gas damped by ionized impurity scattering.
An Al−0.3 wt% Li alloy is irradiated to thermal neutron doses of 6 × 1018, 1.2 × 1019, and 1.0 × 1020 neutrons cm−2 at ≈75 °C producing varying distributions of inert gas bubbles. The specimens are creep tested at 300 °C and the steady-state creep rates, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot\va…
An internal friction peak (P1) is measured at 5 and 50 kHz without thermal hysteresis near the ferroelastic transition temperature Tc of LNPP single crystal. The mechanism of internal friction due to a second-order transition is suggested. Experimental results show that the density of domain walls, N, in the ferroic p…
Polarization and angle-of-incidence dependences of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of benzoic acid adsorbed on isolated oblate particles of silver have been measured in an attenuated-total-reflection geometry. Simultaneously, the absorption of photons in the particles has been determined by a photo…
Magnetization measurements in high-pulsed magnetic fields have revealed the presence of magnetic anisotropy in the hard basal plane of a single crystal of Nd2Fe14B. A discontinuity in the magnetization occurs when the magnetic field is applied along the [100] direction in the hard basal plane below 220 K while there i…
The microscopic structure of the paramagnetic anion antisite defect in semi-insulating GaAs was determined by optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR). It is an arsenic-antisite--arsenic-interstitial (${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$-${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{i}}$) pair. It is shown, by optically dete…
Third harmonic generation (THG) has been performed in reflection from thin polycrystalline films of chloro-gallium and fluoro-aluminum phthalocyanines. By comparison to THG from the 100 surface of silicon, the values of χ(3) are estimated to be 2.5×10−11 and 5×10−11 esu, respectively. The patterns of the molecular and…
${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$ crystallizes with the tetragonal ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$${\mathrm{B}}_{4}$ structure type. It is characterized by two interpenetrating metal substructures with incommensurate translatio…
Amorphous thin films of GeTe were exposed to excimer-laser pulses of fluences between 3 and 27 mJ/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Transient reflectivity and conductivity were simultaneously recorded during the laser interaction with a time resolution of a few nanoseconds. A rapid increase in R and \ensuremath{\sigma} due to lase…
Resonant photoemission studies have been performed on the 3d transition metals Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co. No valence-band satellites are observed for clean evaporated films of these materials. Previously reported structures at binding energies around 6 eV are thought to be due to trace amounts of oxygen contamination. This i…
The chemical nature of the adhesive interface between Cr and three polymers has been investigated using synchrotron-radiation-excited photoemission from the polymer carbon and oxygen 1s core levels. Pyromellitic dianhydride--oxydianiline (PMDA-ODA) polyimide, an important polymer in the electronics industry, was studi…
A film of polymer on a five way cubic lattice is adsorbed on a smooth solid surface with one face exposed to the vacuum. The properties of the film are examined using a Monte Carlo algorithm which employs a combination of reptative and pseudokinetic ‘‘movements.’’ The film which forms exhibits three distinct layers, w…
In this paper we describe a general approach which allows the hypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus–Yevick (PY) integral equation theories to be solved numerically for fluids of hard nonspherical particles. Explicit results are given for fluids of hard ellipsoids of revolution and comparisons are made with recent Monte C…
The phase boundary between low-temperature dipole glass and ferroelectric states of K 1- x Li x TaO 3 is proposed to lie within 0.016 < x < 0.026 according to new optical birefringence, refractive index and dielectric permittivity data. The low- x glass phases are characterized by freezing temperatures T g < 40 K, whe…