Materials Literature
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Powder diffraction techniques are becoming increasingly popular as tools for the determination of crystal structures. The authors of this paper have developed a software package, named PowderSolve , to solve crystal structures from experimental powder diffraction patterns and have applied this package to solve the cry…
Two chemical treatments were applied to hemp, sisal, jute and kapok natural fibres to create better fibre to resin bonding in natural composite materials. The natural fibres have been treated with varying concentrations of caustic soda with the objective of removing surface impurities and developing fine structure mod…
Water repellency, high surface resistivity, vandalism resistance, low density and good processability have made silicone rubbers based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) very attractive materials in housings for outdoor insulation. Their ability to recover hydrophobicity after oxida. tion or contamination is of paramount…
Well-defined polycrystalline Cu 2 O was electrodeposited on transparent conducting substrates from alkaline Cu(II) lactate solutions. The morphology of the layers could be controlled by choosing the appropriate experimental conditions; the pH and temperature of the deposition solution were especially important. The gr…
Time resolved photoluminescence (PL) decays have been measured for Si nanocrystals embedded in silicon dioxide. The nanocrystals were formed by implanting 40 keV Si ions into a 1000 Å thick film of thermally grown SiO2, followed by thermal annealing at 1000–1200 °C. The observed luminescence, peaking at 700–850 nm, is…
ABSTRACT The global demand for wood as a building material is steadily growing, while the availability of this natural resource is diminishing. This situation has led to the development of alternative materials. Of the various synthetic materials that have been explored and advocated, polymer composites claim a major…
Single phase La-doped BaTiO3 with the formula Ba1−xLaxTi1−x/4O3: 0⩽x⩽0.20 was prepared by solid state reaction of oxide mixtures at 1350 °C, 3 days, in O2. The tetragonal distortion in undoped BaTiO3 decreased with x and samples were cubic for x⩾0.05. Both the tetragonal/cubic and orthorhombic/tetragonal transition te…
The Young's moduli of various oxide glasses (silicate, borate, phosphate, and tellurite) were measured using an ultrasonic method. To predict the Young's moduli of the oxide glass systems, empirical compositional parameters G i and V i , based on the Makishima‐Mackenzie theory, were obtained, where G i is the dissocia…
Most hard tissues have as their primary purpose to be stiff. Outside the arthropods, mineralisation of a soft organic matrix is the almost universal method of producing high stiffness. However, stiffening brings with it the undesirable mechanical result of brittleness (lack of toughness). The mineralisation of some ti…
HV composite polymeric insulators are being accepted increasingly for use in outdoor installations by the traditionally cautious electric power utilities worldwide. They currently represent -60 to 70% of newly installed HV insulators in Nortb America. The tremendous growth in the applications of non-ceramic composite…
The largest charge mobility yet for discotic materials has been achieved with a series of hexaalkyl-substituted hexabenzocoronene derivatives (see Figure). When the mesogenic alkyl groups are coupled to the aromatic core via paraphenylene moieties both the high mobility and liquid-crystallinity are retained even at ro…
A general solution of the exchange problem in the high-nuclearity spin clusters (HNSC) containing arbitrary number of exchange-coupled centers and topology is developed. All constituent magnetic centers are supposed to possess well-isolated orbitally non-degenerate ground states so that the isotropic Heisenberg-Dirac-…
The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and acrylates from silicon wafers modified with an initiator layer composed of 2-bromoisobutyrate fragments is described. In the presence of the proper ratio of activating and deactivating transition-metal species, controlled radical polymerizations of styrene…
We present a phase-field model (PFM) for solidification in binary alloys, which is found from the phase-field model for a pure material by direct comparison of the variables for a pure material solidification and alloy solidification. The model appears to be equivalent with the Wheeler-Boettinger-McFadden (WBM) model…
Spiders produce a variety of silks, and the cloning of genes for silk fibroins reveals a clear link between protein sequence and structure-property relationships. The fibroins produced in the spider's major ampullate (MA) gland, which forms the dragline and web frame, contain multiple repeats of motifs that include an…
This paper reviews the crystal structure of compounds with the general formula AB 2 X 4 , which crystallize with the same atomic structure as the mineral spinel, MgAl 2 O 4 . Three degrees of freedom associated with the detailed atomic arrangements of spinels are considered here: (i) the lattice parameter, a ; (ii) th…
High-quality indium–tin–oxide (ITO) thin films (200–850 nm) have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass substrates without a postdeposition annealing treatment. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of target composition, substrate depositi…
We review the current state of knowledge of phase separation and phase equilibria in porous materials. Our emphasis is on fundamental studies of simple fluids (composed of small, neutral molecules) and well-characterized materials. While theoretical and molecular simulation studies are stressed, we also survey experim…
Two mixed-chalcogen compounds LaCuSTe and SmCuSTe have been synthesized by the reactions of the elements at 1123 K. LaCuSTe crystallizes in a cell of dimensions a = 6.4955(8) Å, b = 7.7692(9) Å, c = 7.4665(9) Å, and beta = 95.045(2) degrees (T = 153 K) with four formula units in space group C(2)(h)()(5)-P2(1)/c of the…
Thermoplastic blends of several biodegradable polymers with lignin and lignin esters were prepared by solvent casting and melt processing. Among the biodegradable thermoplastics were cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), a starch-caprolactone copolymer/blend (SCC), and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Lignin esters included t…