Materials Literature
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The development of holographic gratings has been significantly enhanced with the evolution of Ion-etching techniques to "sculpt" groove shapes in an effort to improve efficiency. In this paper it is shown that it is possible to create both plane and concave gratings with efficiency profiles consistent with c…
Abstract A chemical method and an improved absorbance ratio method are presented to determine the degree of neutralization of poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid). Compared to the chemical method, the absorbance ratio method is simple and fast. It can be used also to determine the degree of neutralization when the chemi…
Abstract This article discusses the phenomenon of inverse relaxation in some textile fibers, namely cotton, ramie, wool, polyester, and viscose. If anextended viscoelastic specimen is allowed to recover a part of the deformation given to it, such that its tension has not become zero, the stress in it tends to increase…
The chemical reduction of metal oxides by mechanical alloying with a strong reducing element has been investigated. Using x-ray diffraction to follow the reaction it was found that the mechanical alloying of CuO and Ca using toluene as a processing lubricant resulted in the formation of Cu. The mechanical alloying of…
The frequency dependences of both proton NMR ${T}_{1}$ and ESR linewidth in polyaniline give evidence for quasi-1D spin diffusion. The on-chain diffusion rate, ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$, is independent on the protonation level, while the transverse diffusion, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, exhibits…
Thin films of VOxFy were made by rf magnetron sputtering of V in Ar+O2+CF4. They were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Optical and electrical properties changed within narrow temperature ranges. These results resemble those of thermochromic VO2, although VOxFy ha…
Abstract Reductions in tin coatings and thickness of tinplate affect the properties of the tinplate surfaces. Computer‐aided electrochemical test methods, impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray microanalytical studies show that corrosion behaviour is influenced by the base material properties. This paper will give some info…
This paper describes some of the results of a two and a half year, Congressionally-mandated effort to identify cigarettes with properties that would reduce their propensity to ignite soft furnishings (upholstered furniture and mattresses). For this purpose, the ignition propensities of 41 specially designed and 5 pate…
Abstract Tetrakis(1H,1H-perfluoroethyl) titanate, Ti(OCH2CF3)4, tetrakis(1H,1H-perfluoropropyl) titanate, Ti(OCH2CF2CF3)4, tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl) titanate, Ti[OCH(CH3)CF3]4, tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoro-1,1-dimethylethyl) titanate, Ti[OC(CH3)2CF3]4, tetrakis((1H,1H,3H-perfluoropropyl) titanate, Ti(OCH2CF2…
Abstract The crystal structures of glycyl-l-alanine hydrobromide monohydrate, 1, and glycyl-l-alanine hydroiodide monohydrate, 2, were determined and the temperature dependence of the 127 I NQR frequencies was investigated in the temperature range 77 <̳T/K <̳ 370. The 127 I NQR frequencies are strongly influence…
Abstract The Pace–Datyner theory for diffusion of penetrant molecules in polymers has been analyzed. It has been found that the correct solution of the problem they pose is possible only at 0 K, since then the separation of two chains at x = ∞ is equal to the minimum of the DiBenedetto potential for their interaction.…
Abstract In alkaline electroless copper solutions with formaldehyde as reducing agent, side reactions between formaldehyde and hydroxide occur. In solutions of formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide below 70°C the only reaction found is the Cannizzaro reaction. The rate constant of this reaction was determined at different…
The two-dimensional Coulomb gas is studied in a particular case where the positive charges (or ``ions'') are smeared over disks of radius \ensuremath{\sigma}, and held fixed on the sites of a triangular lattice, while the opposite point charges (the ``electrons'') move freely in the periodic field of the ions. At low…
Abstract Hemin was solubilized in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions by complexing with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and dextran. In neutral aqueous solutions, hemin in the PVP, PEG, and PVA complexes was monomeric and that in the dextran complex was dimeric. T…
Abstract In the examination by scanning electron microscopy of hair and polyester fabric that had been shot with a 9-mm pistol at muzzle-to-target distances from 10 to 70 cm, it was discovered that part of the gunshot residue (GSR) deposited on the target is molten at impact. Impact of these molten GSR particles resul…
A review is given on the structural phase transition of hexagonal type BaTiO3 at 222 K and on the ferroelectric · ferroelastic phase transition at ∼ 70 K. X-ray studies and Raman studies have disclosed that an E2u phonon mode condenses below 222 K where crystal changes from hexagonal P63/mmc to orthorhombic C2221-D5 2…
A generalized approach based on numerical evaluation of the Fourier coefficients is used to determine the performance of three-phase phase-controlled thyrode AC voltage controllers. Balanced resistive and inductive loads of different power factors are considered. Various electrical properties are computed and compared…
We have investigated orientational behaviors of nematic liquid crystals of phenylcyclohexane derivatives and their solutions of Ti(OBu)4—AlEt3 catalyst under a magnetic field by means of optical transmission measurements. Magnetic field required to achieve an ultimate orientation of the liquid crystal is found to be 1…
Abstract The structures of conglomerate crystals, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid salt of l-alanine, p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of l-serine, and benzenesulfonic acid salt of l-leucine, were determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals are built up of repeating units consisting of two amine components and two acid componen…
The field dependence of magnetization, which is a serious handicap for a straightforward application of magnetizable materials in the process of basic field correction, is discussed. The principles for compensation of this dependence by an appropriate choice of magnetic material, the operating point on the hysteresis…