Materials Literature
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Some of the problems of fabricating thin films of mixed oxide ferroelectrics possessing electrical properties comparable to those of the bulk material are discussed. It is shown that crystallographic disorder and non-stoichiometry can lead to anomalous behavior in dielectric properties such as permittivity and loss. I…
Abstract Comprehensive elucidation of optical and magnetic properties of low-spin cobalt(II) complexes of various types has been attempted. The g-values and magnetic susceptibilities of the complexes have been calculated, the necessary numerical data being obtained from the spectral data and reasonable assumptions. Fa…
A FORTRAN IV computer program has been written for the elaboration of X-ray intensities diffracted by liquid, amorphous and microcrystallized substances. The experimental data, corrected for both polarization and absorption, after conversion into absolute units are inverted into radial distribution functions. Various…
An enantiomorphic transition was observed for the first time by observing Airy's spirals of the oppositely polarized ferroelectric 5PbO 3GeO2 single crystals, which were grown by the Czochralski method. Switching time follows an exponential law at moderate field strengths and a power law at higher field strengths.
For Pt. II see ibid., vol. 5, 150 of 1972. The potential distribution inside three equidiameter coaxial cylinders separated by finite distances has been derived and used to calculate the focal lengths, mid focal lengths and spherical aberration coefficients of some triple cylinder lenses having three different voltage…
SUMMARY Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a considerably greater depth of field than optical microscopy at the same magnification. It is therefore particularly suitable for the examination of specimens with irregular surfaces. This review of procedures for quantitative measurements on SEM images falls into t…
The thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and absolute thermoelectric power of pure palladium have been determined from 90 to 1300 K in two experimental systems of proven reliability. These properties are compared with the sparse available literature data, and show large deviations from them, particularly for…
The effects of hydrostatic pressure (≤3 kbar) on the lattice parameters of KH2PO4-type crystals have been determined at 295°K from single crystal x-ray diffraction measurements. The axial compressibilities were calculated and compared with values obtained from elastic constant measurements. We have also measured the v…
Abstract not Available.
Abstract The reflectivity of Se and Te single crystals has been measured at near normal incidence for photon energies between 3 and 30 eV with the electric field vector lying parallel and perpendicular to the c ‐axis of the crystals. The measurements were made using the polarized continuum of the synchrotron radiation…
Selection of image-forming electrons that have passed through a small annular zone of the objective lens drastically reduces the resolution-limiting influence of chromatic aberration. Special objective-lens aperture diaphragms are needed for this new method of obtaining high-quality images. The manufacture of the diap…
The ferromagnetic transition temperatures of $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{As}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ solid solutions for $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$ have been measured as a function of pressure up to 4.5 kbar. Previous work has shown that for the solid solutions in the concentration range $0.9\ensurem…
Permeation, diffusion, and solubility of helium in several types of vitreous silica were measured. The activation energy for diffusion increases slightly with increasing hydroxyl concentration; no other significant trends were noted. These results are interpreted in terms of a random‐network structural model.
The effects of NH 4 -oxalate (pH 3), Na–dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (pH 7.3), and K-pyrophosphate (pH 10) on various size fractions of biotite, chlorite, muscovite, and illite minerals were investigated. The data showed that the release of mineral cations by the three chemical extractants increased with decreasing…
Abstract Acrylic acid has been grafted from aqueous solution onto 70 μ isotactic polypropylene‐film previously peroxidized by irradiating in air with both 400 keV electrons and γ‐radiation from a 60 Co source. Ferrous ion has been used to induce the redox decomposition of the macromolecular peroxy species at temperatu…
Abstract Measurements of dielectric constants and infrared reflection were carried out on KH 2 PO 4 , KD 2 PO 4 , and RbH 2 PO 4 single crystals in the temperature range 300 to 500 °K. Both types of measurements show the existence of two distinct phase transitions T p and T 1 in the above range. The T p transition is…
A practical electro-optic page composer has been constructed from single crystal gadolinium molybdate, Gd2(MoO4)3. The characteristic 'ferroelectric-ferroelastic' effect in Gd2(MoO4)3 is based on the existence of bistable states of the optic plane which can be rotated 90° by the application of an electric field E3 or…
A simulation of the development of rolling texture in f.c.c. polycrystals has been performed, assuming that the deformation mechanism is multiple {111} 〈110〉 slip. The predicted crystallite orientation distribution functions for 40% and 80% reduction are in fair agreement with the experimentally determined texture of…
Abstract Tetraphenylporphiniron(II) was synthesized and isolated in a pure state. The iron(II) porphin was in the state of S=2. The spin state of iron(II) porphin varies with the axial ligand field. Oxygeneous axial ligands such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane gave an intermediate spin state (S=1), while nitrogeneous l…
It is experimentally demonstrated in a new and direct manner that electroluminescence in thin films of ZnS: Tb3+ is excited by the direct impact of hot electrons on the Tb3+ ions. The scheme consists of monitoring as a function of applied voltage across the structure studied-a ZnS: Tb3+, Ta2O5 sandwich-the ratio of fl…