Materials Literature
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The sophisticated use of self-organizing materials, which include liquid crystals, block copolymers, hydrogen- and π-bonded complexes, and many natural polymers, may hold the key to developing new structures and devices in many advanced technology industries. Synthetic materials are usually designed with only one stru…
Organic molecules can alter inorganic microstructures, offering a very powerful tool for the design of novel materials. In biological systems, this tool is often used to create microstructures in which the organic manipulators are a minority component. Three groups of materials-biomaterials, ceramics, and semiconducto…
Multilayer films of organic compounds on solid surfaces have been studied for more than 60 years because they allow fabrication of multicomposite molecular assemblies of tailored architecture. However, both the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and chemisorption from solution can be used only with certain classes of molecul…
A mechanistic study of the in situ immobilization of a toxic metal species in a high-temperature environment using gas phase sorbent precursors is described. Planar laser-based imaging measurements of fluorescence and particle scattering have been obtained to study the interaction of lead with silicon species in high-…
The dynamic behavior of gaseous nicotine was studied in a 20-m 3 stainless steel chamber. Nicotine (10−40 mg) was emitted into the sealed chamber by cigarette combustion or flash evaporation of pure liquid. After 3 h, during which time the airborne concentration was monitored, the chamber was ventilated for 2 h and th…
Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectra are interpreted by combining the energetics and spatial properties of the contributing states. One-step calculations are in excellent agreement with new azimuthal experimental data for GaAs(110). Strong variations caused by the dispersion of the surface bands permit an…
Scattering states with LEED asymptotics are calculated for a general non-muffin tin potential, as e.g. for a pseudopotential with a suitable barrier and image potential part. The latter applies especially to the case of low lying conduction bands. The wave function is described with a reciprocal lattice representation…
We demonstrate that the reorientation transition from out-of-plane to in-plane magnetization with decreasing temperature as observed experimentally in Ni-films on Cu(001) can be explained on a microscopic basis. Using a combination of mean field theory and perturbation theory, we derive an analytic expression for the…
Muon spin rotation ( $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$) measurements have been performed on the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{BEDT}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{TTF}{)}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{SCN}{)}_{2}$ in order to investigate its exotic vortex behavior. Previously unobserved features of the…
We report on the thin films of solid–solution material (1−x)SrBi2Ta2O9−xBi3Ti(Ta1−yNby)O9 fabricated by a modified metalorganic solution deposition technique for ferroelectric random access memory devices. Using the modified technique, it was possible to obtain the pyrochlore free crystalline thin films at an annealin…
Studies of the influence of defect distributions and mobility on ferroelectric phase transformations in lead zirconate titanate have been performed by transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, polarization switching measurements, and dielectric spectroscopy. Investigations focused on La3+…
We report on a remarkably large second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a germanosilicate glass (15.7 GeO2–84.3 SiO2 in mol %), which was induced by poling while the sample was irradiated with the ArF laser at the wavelength of 193 nm. The SHG coefficient, d, thus induced was measured at various poling electric-field stre…
Guided-mode resonance optical filters are made from thin-film structures which consist of azopolymer films deposited on top of slab waveguides. Surface relief gratings can be optically induced on the azopolymer films. The transmission and reflection spectra as a function of the angle of incidence of the probe beam exh…
Mesoporous silica with silver (Ag) nanoparticles within its pores was synthesized by thermal decomposition of silver nitrate. The structure of this new material was examined by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and Brunauer - Emmett - Teller techniques, and its optical absorption spectra were measure…
The properties of InAs (110) surfaces have been investigated by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A technique for ex-situ sulphur passivation has been developed to form an accumulation layer on such a surface. Tunneling spectroscopy at 4.2 K shows the presence of 2D subbands in t…
The low-field magnetoresistance (MR) properties of polycrystalline La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and La0.67CaO33MnO3 thin films with different grain sizes have been investigated and compared with epitaxial films. MR as high as 15% has been observed in the polycrystalline films at a field of 1500 Oe at low temperatures, whereas the…
An n-type semiconducting diamond thin film was obtained by microwave enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition using phosphine (PH3) as a dopant source. A homoepitaxial diamond thin film with a thickness of about 300 nm was grown on the {111} surface of a type Ib diamond with a variety of dopant concentrations. Over a…
We have calculated the viscosities of a biaxial nematic liquid crystal phase of a variant of the Gay–Berne fluid [J. G. Gay and B. J. Berne, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3316 (1981)] by performing molecular dynamics simulations. The equations of motion have been augmented by a director constraint torque that fixes the orientati…
To enhance the water absorbency of wood fibers, various acrylic monomers were grafted to these fibers using cerium IV initiation followed by base hydrolysis. The absorbent capacity of hydrolyzed methyl acrylate- or acrylonitrile-grafted wood pulp fibers was an order of magnitude greater than ungrafted pulp fibers. A p…
Ab initio self-consistent-field (SCF), two-configuration SCF (TCSCF), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the charge–transfer complexes of doubly Li/Cl-doped oligothiophenes and oligo(p-phenyls) and on respective charged systems without counterions have been carried out in order to study polaron to bip…