Materials Literature
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The upper temperature for superconductivity in organic conductors has increased from 1 kelvin in 1980, when the phenomenon was discovered in the quasi-one-dimensional cation radical salt tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene phosphorus heptafluoride to 12 kelvin in a new series of organic salts that show nearly two-dimensio…
Abstract The aim of the authors in this monograph has been to present a general review of the magnetic properties of the rare earth metals, and a comprehensive, unified, and coherent account of the magnetic structures and excitations. These both reflect the nature of the fundamental interactions, and determine many of…
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” opt…
A high charge storage density was achieved in BaTiO3 thin films on Si substrates prepared by a reactive partially ionized beam deposition technique and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment. The films, being deposited at a low substrate temperature, were amorphous. The films were then annealed by using RTA in N2 amb…
The complex amplitude reflectance of the liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) is determined as a function of the writing intensity and applied voltage using an approximate model. The input and output polarizers are assumed to have arbitrary directions. The theoretical results based on this model match our experimental me…
Several organic materials with a bulky donor group have been developed for second-order nonlinear optics. Among these materials, 2-adamantylamino-5-nitropyridine (AANP) crystal has the largest second-order nonlinear optical coefficient. By second-harmonics measurement at 1.064 μm, coefficients of d31 and d33 were dete…
Scattering experiments using Mossbauer gamma rays and X-rays have been performed on ordered and disordered Pb(Sc 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 (PSN), and Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 (PFN) which exists only in a disordered state. All three materials are ferroelectric at room temperature and undergo a change to a paraelectric form close to…
We have measured the distribution of photoion charge states resulting from vacancy cascades and electron shakeoff following K-shell photoionization of ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{2+}$ ions. The ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{2+}$ ions were produced by electron-impact ionization of Ar, stored in a Penning ion trap, and then photoionized using br…
Experiments show that charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions form crystals which can melt by applied shear stress. We present a molecular-dynamics simulation study of shear melting in colloids. The nonequilibrium phase diagram is calculated for a volume fraction which has an equilibrium fcc structure. The mechanism f…
The domain structure in the nearly commensurate charge-density-wave phase of 1T-${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ has been experimentally determined. Fourier-transformed scanning-tunneling-microscopy images display fine satellite structure in excellent agreement with that predicted by the amplitude- and phase-domain model of Nakan…
The dynamics of a single polymer chain immersed in a large number of solvent particles is studied by molecular dynamics. This is the first simulation where chain length (30, 40, and 60 monomers) and statistical accuracy are sufficient to test the predictions of the Zimm model as a result of the particle-particle inter…
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution is used for the determination of the hyperpolarizability of nonlinear optical molecules. Obtaining the first hyperpolarizability \ensuremath{\beta} without having to independently determine the dipole moment \ensuremath{\mu} and the second hyperpolarizability \ensuremath{\gamma} i…
Abstract A general recursion algorithm is described for calculating kinematical diffraction intensities from crystals containing coherent planar faults. The method exploits the self-similar stacking sequences that occur when layers stack non-deterministically. Recursion gives a set of simple relations between average…
Permeabilities for a series of gases through free-standing films of the conjugated polymer polyaniline are reported. A remarkable selectivity has been achieved for important gas pairs incuding hydrogen-nitrogen, oxygen-nitrogen, and carbon dioxide-methane. The selectivity values of 3590 for H(2)/N(2), 30 for O(2)/N(2)…
The reaction of bis(benzene)vanadium with tetracyanoethylene, TCNE, affords an insoluble amorphous black solid that exhibits field-dependent magnetization and hysteresis at room temperature. The critical temperature could not be estimated as it exceeds 350 kelvin, the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample. T…
Abstract An elongational flow method established in polymer physics was applied to study dynamic structure and properties of biopolymers in solution. Type I collagen solutions in the dilute to semidilute region are studied in elongational flow fields, generated in a Taylor four‐roll mill, for temperatures from 20°C th…
Abstract The aggregative stability of natural rubber (NR) latex stabilized by nonionic, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensate surfactant (Verol S‐15) was studied in the presence of formic acid. Natural rubber latex having an additional 3–5 phr surfactant is stable at pH 2 when acidified by formic acid and can be suc…
Abstract Graft copolymerization of vinyl compounds onto chitin was studied, and an efficient and reproducible procedure has been established, cerium (IV) being used as the initiator. The reactions with acrylamide and acrylic acid onto powdery chitin were carried out under various conditions to elucidate the polymeriza…
57 Fe Mossbauer spectra have been obtained at room temperature and at 15 K for R 2 Fe 17 and R 2 Fe 1 7 N 3- delta ( delta approximately=0.4) with R identical to Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y. The easy direction of magnetization of the R 2 Fe 17 compounds can be identified by analysis of the hyperfi…
High resistivities associated with a reduced density of states and a very low effective number of carriers are measured in high-structural-quality AlCuFe icosahedral phases. These properties vary strongly with composition close to ${\mathrm{Al}}_{63}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{25}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{12}$ and suggest that insulating…