Materials Literature
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The kinetics and mechanisms of metal catalysed filamentous carbon formation and gasification are reviewed. In the process of filament growth metal crystallites are removed from the surface, so that cycles of coking/decoking can severely damage reactor surfaces and supported metal catalysts. These effects are exemplifi…
Mass reduction of plastic bottles containing non-carbonated liquids calls for advanced design approaches. Weight reduction of bottles consequently influences the mechanical performance of the bottle. This performance involves top load, vacuum and impact resistance. The present paper studies the lateral deformation of…
Detailed experimental results of a systematic investigation of the dynamics of the in-plane smectic layer reorientation in SmC* ferroelectric liquid crystals on application of different types of asymmetric electric fields are reported. The reversible reorientation of smectic layers is characterized as a function of fi…
The electron transport and emission properties of hydrogenated and cesiated single-crystal and chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond are investigated using secondary electron emission spectroscopy. The kinetic energy of the electrons and the height of the surface energy barrier are measured relative to the conduction…
Indoleglycerol phosphate synthase catalyzes the ring closure of 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate to indoleglycerol phosphate, the fifth step in the pathway of tryptophan biosynthesis from chorismate. Because chemical synthesis of indole derivatives from arylamino ketones requires drastic solvent c…
The curves describing the relaxation behaviour of poly(etherimide) at several frequencies shows in the dielectric loss–temperature plot γ and β relaxations centred at -95°C and 100°C, respectively, at 10Hz. The glass–rubber relaxation or α process appears at 225°C at 10Hz; at this temperature free charge conductivity…
I show that for a large spin with uniaxial anisotropy it is, in principle, impossible to distinguish classical energy-barrier reduction due to a transverse magnetic field from an increase in the tunneling rate of excited levels. Given a suitable definition of the quantum energy barrier, I derive an expression for the…
The thermoluminescent properties of crystalline strontium tetraborate are reported. Without activators it has an efficiency comparable to that of TLD-700 powders. Its fading after 40 days amounts to less than 2%. The isometric plot shows that most of the emitted light is concentrated at wavelengths ranging from 350 to…
We consider the class of borate additives in an attempt to understand, on the basis of molecular modelling techniques, why they are effective high temperature cement setting retarder aids. Borates are known to act as cement retarders under ambient conditions, for which the Billingham-Coveney clock reaction scheme [1]…
Novel one-pot syntheses of sulfur-containing polymers from a bifunctional five-membered cyclic dithiocarbonate (1a) were carried out. Polythiourethanes were obtained by the polyaddition of 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), tolylene 2,6-diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate with a dithiol (2a) obtained by th…
The high‐frequency viscoelastic behavior of a soda‐lime‐silica glass has been investigated using the Brillouin scattering technique. The temperature dependence of instantaneous elastic constants and very short‐time relaxation mechanisms have been measured in a temperature range between 100° and 1000°C. Variations in t…
P -type transparent conducting oxide films consisting of a new multicomponent oxide composed of In2O3 and Ag2O have been prepared by rf magnetron sputtering. After postannealing at a temperature of 500 °C in air, In2O3–Ag2O thin films prepared using In2O3–Ag2O targets with Ag2O contents of 40–60 wt % exhibited p-type…
The behavior of propagating shear waves in a supercooled liquid is analyzed, taking into account the proper structural effects at high density. The longest wavelength for the propagating shear waves that the undercooled liquid can sustain grows with density. This length scale, which is linked to a characteristic solid…
Our aim in this article is to study the existence of finite dimensional attractors for a class of generalized Cahn–Hilliard equations based on a microforce balance introduced by M. Gurtin (Physica D 92 (1996), 178–192). We first consider some general results on the existence of finite dimensional attractors, and then…
Gelcasting is an advanced powder forming process. It is most commonly used to form ceramic or metal powders into complex, near-net shapes. Turbine rotors, gears, nozzles, and crucibles have been successfully gelcast in silicon nitride, alumina, nickel-based superalloy, and several steels. Gelcasting can also be used t…
Abstract The mechanical properties and morphology of melt mixed polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene (PE) blends that were modified by the addition of up to 16% of a semicrystalline PS‐b‐hPB (hydrogenated polybutadiene) diblock copolymer with varying molecular weight are reported. As a result of the blocks of the copolymer p…
Polyetherimide is a versatile polymer with interesting thermal properties (Tg above 200°C) that is already used in electrical engineering. It is of interest to investigate its electrical charge storage and decay processes, both to predict the degradation occurring under electrical load, but also for the purpose of usi…
The crystallization of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was investigated at conditions of constant supersaturation both in the absence and in the presence of synthetic maleic acid copolymers at 37C, 0.15 M NaCl. The dependence of the rates of COM crystallization in the absence of inhibitors was found to be second ord…
The influence of charge on diffusion in porous media was studied for fluorescent colloidal silica spheres diffusing in a porous glass medium. The bicontinuous porous silica glasses were optically matched with an organic solvent mixture in which both glass and tracers are negatively charged. Using fluorescence recovery…
Elastic electron scattering in XPS and AES vary considerably with depth of origin of emitted electrons. To account for this, we introduced in a recent paper a simple correction factor CF. The function CF is the ratio of emitted peak intensity from a layer of atoms located at a given depth in a solid calculated from th…