Materials Literature
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The effects of the background vacuum level and of atomic migration on the stability of pulsed-field emission have been investigated. Initial studies concerned the emission characteristics that depend on the emitter temperature. Then the effects of the bias field and the change of the emitter shape were considered, in…
Microminiaturization for the production of modern large-scale integrated circuits requires electron-optical devices capable of recording more than 10 000 resolved lines per frame at a resolution of 0.1 μm. Magnetic demagnifying electron-projection systems with compensated chromatic field aberrations are capable of rec…
Abstract The accelerated aging of a vulcanizate of fluorosilicone rubber was studied by four methods: infrared spectroscopy, GPC, weight loss, and stress relaxation, with the object of gathering information pertinent to understanding the basic mechanism of its aging. No changes were observed in infrared spectra of the…
Specific rates have been measured for hydrogen–water deuterium isotope exchange over unsupported nickel promoted with about 20% of various metal oxides. The oxides used were Cr 2 O 3 , MoO 2 , MnO, WO 2 −WO 3 , and UO 2 . Nickel surface areas, which are required to measure the specific rates, were determined by hydrog…
Abstract The effects of diffusion in the oxidation of cis ‐1,4‐polyisoprene vulcanizates were investigated by means of the stress relaxation method. It was assumed that the diffusion of oxygen is coupled with first‐order oxygen consumption and that the rate of chain scission is proportional to the rate of oxygen consu…
Abstract Die Kristallstruktur von MgTe 2 O 5 , orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe Pbcn–D , enthält Te 2 O 5 ‐Gruppen, in denen Te(IV) von drei Sauerstoffatomen in pyramidaler Anordnung koordiniert und ein Sauerstoffatom beiden Telluratomen gemeinsam ist. Durch längere TeO‐Bindungen sind diese Te 2 O 5 ‐Gruppen kettenartig ve…
The effect of aluminium addition on the magnetic moments of the constituent atoms of binary BCC Fe-Co, Fe-Cr and FCC Ni-Fe alloys was investigated by comparing the results of Mossbauer and average magnetization measurements. It was found that the Al neighbours do not perturb the moment of Fe atoms in the Fe-Co and Ni-…
Abstract When V2O5 is reduced isothermally by SO2 gas (200 cc/min), the weight loss shows the stepwise curve. Each step corresponds to the intermediate phase expressed by general formula VNO2N+1 (N=3,4,5, … and ∞). The quenched specimens at each step analyzed by an X-ray diffraction, however, have revealed to be coexi…
For some time a needle-to-sphere impulse breakdown test (ASTM D-3300) has been used for characterization of insulating oils used in high voltage equipment. Several observations can be made based upon a long background of use with this test.
Values of heats of combustion and oxygen indexes cited in the literature were used to develop the following equations: Oxygen Index = 0.0126 (mean heat energy of limiting heat flux, kcal/mole) - 0.036, and Oxygen Index = 0.01286 (mean heat energy of limiting heat flux, kcal/mole) - 0.044. The first equation applies bo…
High energy backscattered electron signals have been measured from 1-, 3-, and 10-μm-wide gold alignment marks on silicon and gallium arsenide substrates as a function of electron-beam energy (5–30 keV) and gold film thicknesses (650–10 000 Å) using an annular silicon-diode detector. Thin films of both silicon dioxide…
A simple method for measuring refractive index in the infrared is described. It uses autocollimation from the front surface of a prism and requires only that the receiver be moved to measure a new deviated ray when either the wavelength of the source or the temperature of the sample is changed. An error analysis that…
Using the adiabatic potential in the bond charge model, the phonon dispersion relation and the Grüneisen constant are calculated for Si with the magnitude of the bond charge and its volume change taken as adjustable parameters. It is shown that the Grüneisen constant for the transverse acoustic mode is positive at sma…
It has been shown experimentally that the combined effects of electrical and thermal aging can be evaluated properly only with simultaneous application of both kinds of stresses. A logical simultaneous aging test can be based on the conventional voltage and thermal endurance curves. This method can be expanded to othe…
The ASTM standard published through Committee G-1.11 was followed to obtain potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves for Type 410 stainless steel in hydrogen saturated 0.1N H2SO4 at 30 C. The published explanations for the second anodic maximum were cited. Evidence was provided by laboratory data which suggests that…
Abstract Photodegradation of polyurethanes based on polyester diol‐diphenylmethane‐p,′p‐diisocyanate in the absence and presence of various metal acetylacetonates (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co(II), Co(III), Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Al, and Sn) was carried out; and the effect of these metal compounds on the degradation was examined by…
Abstract Die bisher unbekannte Verbindung MgCu 2 O 3 wurde dargestellt und mit Einkristalldiffraktometerdaten röntgenographisch untersucht. MgCu 2 O 3 kristallisiert orthorhombisch mit a = 4,00, b = 9,35, c = 3,19 Å; Raumgruppe D –Pmmn und ist mit CaCu 2 O 3 isotyp. Cu 2+ ist verzerrt oktaedrisch von O 2− koordiniert.
Skin samples were removed from several body regions of the pig by biopsy or during the slaughter process and were fixed, processed for paraffin embedding and sectioned at 6 to 8 µm thickness. Several stains were used to emphasize the different structures of the organ. Microscopic observations revealed that the epiderm…
Abstract A new method is presented for the numerical solution of nonlinear minimum‐time control problems where at least one of the state variables is monotone. A coordinate transformation converts the problem with fixed end point and free end time to one of free end point and fixed end time. The transformed problem ca…
The flow figures in the thin films of MBBA under the applied electric field are observed fromthe transverse direction. The aspects of transitions from the Williams domain to turbulence and from the chevron texture to turbulence are different from each other. A new grid pattern is observed in the region between the Wil…