Materials Literature
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In the “double-Voigt” approach, an exact Voigt function describes both size- and strainbroadened profiles. The lattice strain is defined in terms of physically credible mean-square strain averageid over a distance in the diffracting domains. Analysis of Fourier coefficients in a harmonic approximation for strain coeff…
We present measurements of the thermal conductivity (30 < T < 300 K) and specific heat (80 < T < 300 K) of polycrystalline boron carbides (B1-xCx) for carbon concentrations spanning the single-phase field (0.1 < × < 0.2) and compare our results with studies in other temperature regimes. The thermal conductivity decrea…
The cold-roling and recrystallization behavior of solidified columnar crystals in a 19% Cr ferritic stainless steel has been investigated. As the rolling reduction increased, the recrystallization rate increased and the recrystallized grain size decreased. However, the (001) [110] initially-oriented columnar grains we…
The phase characterisation and morphologies of forms I and II of terephthalic acid are presented. The structural nature of the II → I polymorphic phase transition has been explored and form II shown to be more stable at room temperature and pressure. A new mechanism is proposed for the apparent stability of multiply t…
Description Contains significant insight on the latest international developments in fracture mechanics. Central thermes are constraint issues and nonlinear fracture mechanics. Several papers also deal with the industry's most active topic of study, the two-parameter fracture mechanics approach to constraint and its i…
Improvement of the corrosion resistance of copper has been accomplished by the deliberate formation of cuprous and cupric oxides on the metal surface, based on simple immersion in acetate buffer or sodium hydroxide solution. Weight loss, potentiodynamic, and potentiostatic polarisation measurements in sodium chloride,…
Diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in 0∼0.6 mass% carbon steels with spheroidized cementite-ferrite and pearlite-ferrite structures have been measured by the electrochemical permeation method at 278∼318 K. The temperature and carbon concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficients has been discussed by using a s…
The intervalence charge-transfer (i.v.c.t.) transitions between the gold-(I) and -(III) ions in Cs2Au2X6(X = Cl, Br or I) have been investigated. From the polarized reflectance spectra of a single crystal of Cs2Au2I6 and group-theory analysis, the i.v.c.t. bands have been assigned. The strongest reflectance peak was t…
We investigate models for the growth of crystals of monodisperse polymer chains. A transition from extended chain crystals to folded chain crystals occurs as the temperature is changed which is governed by the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of chains at the growth surface. Folded chains may build up on the surf…
The heats of formation of six III-V compounds of GaP, InP, GaAs, InAs, GaSb and InSb were determined at 773 K from the heats of dissolution of these compounds and the components in a liquid tin solvent, using a Calvet-type twin solution calorimeter. The standard heats of formation at 298.15 K, ΔHf,298.15°, are: GaP (P…
Isothermal transformation characteristics of Ti-6 mass%Al-4 mass%V alloy has been investigated by means of microstructural and surface relief observations. At temperatures between β-transus and 700°C, the nucleation of primary α-particles occurs at the grain boundaries with forming a single C-curve. Acicular structure…
This paper reviews some of our research on three classes of supra-molecular architectures which are generated via various combinations of molecular, macromolecular, and supramolecular chemistry. The ability of these supramolecular architectures to form liquid crystalline phases is determined by the shape of the self-a…
From field experience and laboratory tests, it has been observed that the contamination flashover voltage of insulators used on DC lines is more influenced by geometry (diameter and profile) than those used on AC lines. Presented in this paper are the results and analysis of a study of the effect of insulator shapes o…
Enantiopure S-methylthiodinaphtho[2,1-c: 1′,2′-e][1,2]dithiinium hexachloroantimonate 3, transfers enantioselectively the MeS+ group to trans-hex-3-ene, leading to non-racemic thiiranium ion 4, which, in turn, reacts with MeCN–H2O allowing the synthesis of optically active double functionalised alkanes with enantiomer…
The response of human skin to biaxial stretch tests in vivo was investigated and compared to the response to uniaxial tension. The results obtained illustrate the nonlinear, anisotropic, and viscoelastic (time-dependent) properties of skin under biaxial stretch. Preconditioning in the load-extension response was found…
We developed a polyol dilution method for the mass production of liposomes. This method consists of the mixing of membrane components (and lipophilic drugs) with a water-soluble, non-volatile organic solvent (glycerin, propylene glycol, etc.), followed by the dispersal of the mixture in an aqueous medium. The polyols…
The precipitation of primary MC carbides in alloy 7 18 has been studied using the techniques of directional solidification with and without quenching. The precipitation reaction:
A mathematical model is presented for the discharge of a cell. This model includes diffusion and migration in the electrolyte phase as well as proton diffusion and ohmic drop across the solid active material in the porous nickel electrode. A theoretical analysis of the cell performance is presented for different desig…
A modern theory of the macroscopic electric polarization has been recently founded. Polarization itself is not an observable, while the polarization difference ΔP between any two crystal states can be measured, defined, and calculated as a bulk material property. An hysteresis cycle measures ΔP as the integrated curre…
A numerical simulation of the collapse of a cloud of bubbles has been used to demonstrate the development of an inwardly propagating shock wave which grows rapidly in magnitude. The fully non-linear nonbarotropic homogeneous flow equations are coupled with single bubble dynamics and solved by a stable numerical scheme…