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Materials Literature
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THERMOELASTIC DEFORMATION OF MICROSTRETCH ELASTIC BEAMS
This article addresses the problem of thermal stresses for isotropic microstretch elastic cylinders subjected to a temperature distribution that is linear in the axial coordinate. A direct method is used to reduce the problem to solving plane strain problems. The results are used to study the deformation of circular c…
TEM and HREM study of the interphase interface structure of Ti3Ni4 precipitates and parent phase in an aged TiNi shape memory alloy
The structures of coherent and semi-coherent interphase interfaces between Ti3Ni4 precipitates and parent phase in different aged Ti51.5Ni (at.%) shape memory alloy have been studied by means of diffraction contrast analyses in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). When…
The [Fe(etz)6](BF4)2 Spin‐Crossover System—Part Two: Hysteresis in the LIESST Regime
Abstract In the [Fe(etz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 spincrossover system the iron(II) complexes occupy two nonequivalent lattice sites, sites A and B. Complexes on site A show a thermal high‐spin (HS) → low‐spin (LS) transition at 105 K, whereas complexes on site B remain in the HS state down to 10 K. Complexes on both sites exhibi…
Influence of Spinning Parameters on Core Yarn Sheath Slippage and Other Properties
Filament-core yams are produced to take advantage of both filament and staple . fiber properties. They offer good strength and uniformity without sacrificing the staple fiber yarn-like surface characteristics. However, a disadvantage of the core yarns is that the staple fiber sheath may slip along the filament when be…
Color Removal from Dye Wastewater Using Vermiculite
The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effectiveness of vermiculite extract solutions (VES) as a coagulant and of vermiculite as an adsorbent for removal of color from dye wastewater. In coagulation experiments, it was found that VES could be applied to the treatment of dye wastewater with its con…
Influence of Internal Pressure on the Impact Behavior of Steel Pipelines
This article presents some experimental data recorded from 54 impact tests on pressurized mild steel pipes. The pipes were fully clamped across a span which was ten times the outside pipe diameter of 60 mm. The pipes had a wall thickness of 1.70 mm and were impacted laterally by a rigid wedge indenter at the mid-span…
Model for Effective Diffusivities in Aerobic Biofilms
Reliable estimates of effective diffusivities in biofilms are required to calculate the combined diffusion and biotransformation of soluble substrates. For aerobic biofilms, effective diffusivities have been previously correlated empirically to the biofilm dry densities. Biofilms consist primarily of microbial cells,…
Nucleation and growth of anisotropic grain in block copolymers near order-disorder transition
Ordering processes of a nearly symmetric block copolymer of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene quenched from the disordered state to the ordered state very close to the order-disorder transition temperature were studied by using primarily transmission electron microscopy. We found that an isolated grain composed of lamell…
Coarsening dynamics of a one-dimensional driven Cahn-Hilliard system
We study the one-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation with an additional driving term representing, say, the effect of gravity. We find that the driving field E has an asymmetric effect on the solution for a single stationary domain wall (or ``kink''), the direction of the field determining whether the analytic solution…
Cut Growth in Vulcanizates of Natural Rubber, cis-Polybutadiene, and a 50/50 Blend during Single and Repeated Extension
Abstract A typical passenger sidewall composition was employed using three elastomer systems NR, BR, and a 50/50 blend of NR and BR. Tensile strips with edge cuts of various depths were strained in two ways continuously increasing extension up to rupture, or repeatedly stretching them to progressively higher strains u…
TIG Welding and Shape Memory Effect of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy
In the present study, with respect to TIG welding for a TiNi shape-memory alloy wire and sheet, the optimum welding schedule was decided based on the breaking load of the weld and its standard deviation. By performing the cyclic loading-unloading and heating-cooling tests in the neighborhood of the weld, the shape mem…
Efficient and rigorous three-dimensional model for optical lithography simulation
A new, rigorous model for solving three-dimensional light-scattering problems in the optical lithography process of semiconductor manufacturing is introduced. The new model employs a hybrid approach to solve Maxwell’s equations in the spatial frequency domain with the use of vector potentials. The model extends a succ…
The [Fe(etz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 Spin‐Crossover System—Part One: High‐Spin ⇌ Low‐Spin Transition in Two Lattice Sites
Abstract The [Fe(etz),](BF,), spin‐cross‐over system (etz = 1‐ethyl‐1 H ‐tetrazole) crystallizes in space group P 1 , with the following lattice constants at 298 K: a 10.419(3), b=15.709(1), c = 18.890(2) Å = α = 71.223(9), β =77.986(10), and γ = 84.62(1)° V = 2862.0(9) Å 3 and Z = 3. Two nonequivalent lattice sites,…
Creation of Nanocrystals Through a Solid-Solid Phase Transition Induced by an STM Tip
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to fabricate T-phase tantalum diselenide (TaSe 2 ) nanocrystals with sizes ranging from 7 to more than 100 nanometers within the surface layer of 2H-TaSe 2 crystals at liquid helium temperature. Atomic-resolution images elucidate the structural changes between T- and H-ph…
Size‐ascent rate relationships in positively buoyant marine diatoms
Cell size and ascent rate were measured in individual short chains (2–8 cells) and single cells of positively buoyant marine diatoms from natural populations and cultures. Maximum ascent rates for Rhizosolenia formosa, Rhizosolenia acuminata, Rhizosolenia castracanei, Rhizosolenia debyana, and Ethmodiscus rex suggest…
UHF PD detection in gas-insulated switchgear-suitability and sensitivity of the UHF method in comparison with the IEC 270 method
UHF partial discharge detection in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has advantages over the conventional method. For example, UHF PD detection allows the suppression of high frequency disturbances external to the GIS. UHF PD measurements have been compared with measurements using the conventional IEC 270 method under co…
Combination Rule of Σ Values at Triple Junctions in Cubic Polycrystals
In cubic polycrystals, combinations of coincidence orientation relationships at a triple junction of grains A, B and C can be obtained by using the equation ΣCA = ΣABΣBC/d2, where d is a common divisor of ΣAB and ΣBC. This paper describes the derivation of this equation and shows several models of polycrystals compose…
A new approach to optimum design in thermoelectric cooling systems
A thermoelectric cooling system usually consists of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and heat exchangers at the cold side and the hot side. Heat exchangers in TEC systems are designed to minimize their thermal resistance under restrictions such as the size of the system and heat transfer method, because as the thermal re…
Electron Probe Microanalysis of Insulating Materials: Quantification Problems and Some Possible Solutions
The simple fact that electrical neutrality cannot be quickly restored in insulators submitted to electron bombardment leads to a change of the parameters of electron–specimen interaction [distortion of the ϕ(ρz) function] and to possible modifications of the composition of the specimen (mobile ion migration and desorp…