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Non-paraxial analytical solution for the generation of focal curves

Zbigniew Jaroszewicz、A. Kołodziejczyk、Maciej Sypek 等 4 位作者1996-03-01Journal of Modern Optics

A solution for the transmittance of elements forming planar and nonplanar focal curves in the non-paraxial case is proposed in this paper. The treatment is based on the scalar diffraction theory and makes use of the stationary phase method in evaluation of the diffraction integral. The equation of a stationary point e…

Optical measurement and interference techniquesAdvanced optical system designOptical Coatings and Gratings

Chemical modification of tussah silk fabrics with ethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether by a pad‐batch method

Giuliano Freddi、Hideki Shiozaki、Giulia Allara 等 6 位作者1996-03-01Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists

Tussah silk fabrics have been chemically modified by pad‐batch treatment with ethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE). The maximum amount of weight gain attained was 5–6%. Epoxide adducts were formed with tyrosine and basic amino acid residues. The moisture regain of the fabric with 3% weight gain decreased slightly co…

Dyeing and Modifying Textile FibersSilk-based biomaterials and applicationsSilkworms and Sericulture Research

The glass transition in linear low density polyethylene determined by thermally stimulated depolarization currents

E. Laredo、N. Suárez、A. Bello 等 4 位作者1996-03-01Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics

New thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) results on LLD polyethylene functionalized with diethylmaleate polar groups are precisely computer fitted with the direct signal analysis technique. It is shown that the TSDC spectrum consists, with increasing temperatures, of a sub-γ peak, a sharp γ peak, and a…

Material Dynamics and PropertiesHigh voltage insulation and dielectric phenomenaEarthquake Detection and Analysis

The effects of grain size on the magnetic properties of fully processed, continuous-annealed low-carbon electrical steels

Chun‐Kan Hou1996-03-01IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

The magnetic properties, including ac core loss, dc hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, ac and dc permeability at 10 kG and 15 kG, and magnetic flux density at field strength 2500 A/m, of 17 heats of fully processed, continuous-annealed low-carbon electrical steels with grain diameter from 8.98 /spl mu/m to 23.25 /spl…

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SteelsMagnetic Properties and ApplicationsNon-Destructive Testing Techniques

Method of fabricating a free-standing diamond single crystal using growth from the vapor phase

J. B. Posthill、D.P. Malta、T. P. Humphreys 等 7 位作者1996-03-01Journal of Applied Physics

By combining a low temperature (600 °C) chemical vapor deposition process for homoepitaxial diamond and conventional ion implantation, we have made and lifted off a synthetic diamond single crystal plate. Before growth, a type Ia C(100) crystal was exposed to a self implant of 190 keV energy and dose of 1×1016 cm−2. H…

Metal and Thin Film MechanicsDiamond and Carbon-based Materials ResearchAdvanced Surface Polishing Techniques

Towards the propagation rate coefficient for the free‐radical polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene

Friedhelm Bandermann、Claus Günther、Johannes Schweer1996-03-01Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

Abstract The propagation rate coefficient k p for the free‐radical polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene was determined as a function of temperature in the range of 30–60°C in bulk and as a function of the concentration of 1,3‐butadiene in chlorobenzene at 50°C using a combination of a UV flash‐lamp induced polymerization a…

Polymer crystallization and propertiesAdvanced Polymer Synthesis and CharacterizationPolymer Science and PVC

Statistical Expectation Value of the Debye–Waller Factor and E(hkl) Values for Macromolecular Crystals

R. H. Blessing、Duo Guo、D. A. Langs1996-03-01Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography

If the unit-cell distribution of atomic mean-square displacement parameters B = 8pi(2)<u(2)> is assumed to be normal, with mean micro = <B> and variance sigma(2) = <(B-<B >)(2)>, the statistical expectation value of the Debye-Waller factor W(2) = exp(-2Bs(2)), where s = (sin theta)/lambda, is <W(2)> = exp[-2( micro -…

Protein Structure and DynamicsDNA and Nucleic Acid ChemistryEnzyme Structure and Function

The use of bisphthalonitriles in the synthesis of side-strapped 1,11,15,25-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines

Clifford C. Leznoff、David M. Drew1996-03-01Canadian Journal of Chemistry

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 3-nitrophthalonitrile yield 3-hydroxyphthalonitrile and 3-neopentoxyphthalonitrile, the latter of which condensed to 1,8,15,22-tetraneopentoxyphthalocyanine as a mixture of isomers. Bisphthalonitriles such as 1,3-bis(2′,3′-dicyanophenoxy)-2,2-dipentylpropane, 1,3-bis(2′,…

Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine ChemistryOxidative Organic Chemistry ReactionsOrganic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions

Advances in the Grinding Efficiency of Sintered Alumina Abrasives

Andreas Krell、Paul S. Blank、Eckhard Wagner 等 4 位作者1996-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society

The study relates the grinding power of different grades of sintered alumina abrasives to their microstructures and to basic mechanical properties in comparison with conventionally fused electrocorundum and with an electrofused alumina/ zirconia eutectic. Contrary to the traditional approach of the Battelle test, the…

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisAdvanced machining processes and optimizationAdvanced Surface Polishing Techniques

Environmental Factors in the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 316L Stainless Steel and Alloy 825 in Chloride Solutions

G. Cragnolino、D. S. Dunn、Narasi Sridhar1996-03-01CORROSION

This paper describes the experimental studies conducted to date to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of candidate container materials for the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The effects of environmental variables, such as chloride (Cl−) concentration, the addition…

Corrosion Behavior and InhibitionHydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metalsConcrete Corrosion and Durability

Tolane oligomers: Model thermotropic liquid crystals

Robert J. Twieg、Vano Chu、Cattien V. Nguyen 等 5 位作者1996-03-01Liquid Crystals

The liquid crystalline phases of several rigid-rod, non-polar tolane oligomers are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and transmitted polarized light microscopy. We determine that a stable nematic phase can be formed at ambient pressure if the molecular axial ratio (length-to-width ratio) is greater th…

Liquid Crystal Research AdvancementsSurfactants and Colloidal SystemsAdvanced Materials and Mechanics

Atomic layer epitaxy of strontium sulfide thin films using in situ synthesized strontium precursors

P. Soininen、E. Nykänen、Lauri Niinistö 等 4 位作者1996-03-01Chemical Vapor Deposition

Abstract SrS thin films were grown on uncoated or Al 2 O 3 ‐coated soda lime glass substrates from hydrogen sulfide and Sr(thd) 2 (thd = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato) by the atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) process. Sr(thd) 2 was prepared from Sr, SrO, Sr(OH) 2 or SrCO 3 and Hthd inside the reactor during the depo…

Physics of Superconductivity and MagnetismIron-based superconductors researchElectronic and Structural Properties of Oxides

The Possible Role of Phenolics in Incompatibility Expression in Eucalyptus gunniiMicrografts

Luc De Cooman、E. Everaert、P. Curir 等 4 位作者1996-03-01Phytochemical Analysis

As a result of incompatibility, Eucalyptus gunnii showed in the graft area of in vitro micrografts a typical accumulation of gallic, ellagic, gentisic and p-coumaric acid: (+)-catechin also increased in concentration. In compatible grafts, a lower concentration of phenolics accumulated. The possible role of both speci…

Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical ApplicationsEnzyme-mediated dye degradation

Direct Condensation Polymerization of l-Lactic Acid Catalyzed by Distannoxane

Junzo Otera、Kawada Kazuko、Toru Yano1996-03-01Chemistry Letters

Abstract 1,3-Disubstituted tetrabutyldistannoxanes effectively catalyze direct condensation polymerization of water-containing l-lactic acid to afford a high-molecular-weight polymer.

biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesCarbon dioxide utilization in catalysis

Electroluminescence of Heavily Doped p‐Type Porous Silicon under Electrochemical Oxidation in Galvanostatic Regime

S. Billat1996-03-01Journal of The Electrochemical Society

Visible light emission is obtained during anodic oxidation of heavily doped p‐type (P + ) porous silicon layers. Similar characteristics are observed for the electroluminescence (EL) on lightly doped substrates (P − ). This indicates that the coarser structure of the heavily doped samples also presents a thin structur…

Semiconductor materials and devicesSilicon Nanostructures and PhotoluminescenceAnodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of SBR/BR Blends by Thermogravimetric Analysis

I. Amiri Amraee、Ali Asghar Katbab、Sh Aghafarajollah1996-03-01Rubber Chemistry and Technology

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a new method for analyzing SBR/BR blends in passenger tire tread compounds by thermogravimetric analysis. Since the base polymer of most tread compounds in passenger tires are normally either SBR or blend of SBR/BR, the importance of this method is self-explanatory.

Polymer crystallization and propertiesPolymer Nanocomposites and PropertiesThermal and Kinetic Analysis

Compressive Properties of Yttrium Oxide

Özer Ünal、Müfit Akinç1996-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Compressive properties of polycrystalline yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were studied by slow‐strain‐rate experiments (ε= 5.7 × 10 –6 s −1 ) between room temperature and 1600°C. It was shown that Y 2 O 3 fails in a brittle manner up to 1000°C, and at 1200°C and above plastic deformation becomes dominant. Plastic deformation…

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisNuclear Materials and PropertiesNuclear materials and radiation effects

Strength and Microstructure of Silicon Nitride Ceramics Brazed with Nickel‐Chromium‐Silicon Alloys

Ali Mohammad Hadian、R. A. L. Drew1996-03-01Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Joining of sintered Si 3 N 4 was performed using a high‐temperature brazing technique. Ni‐based brazing alloys having the same Ni:Cr ratio as AWS BNi‐5 (Ni·18Cr·19Si (at. %)) but different Si content were used as the brazing filler metals. Joining experiments were performed at 1220°C under a N 2 partial pressure of 15…

Advanced ceramic materials synthesisMetal and Thin Film MechanicsMXene and MAX Phase Materials

Distribution and ecology of freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) in some central Finnish rivers

Pertti Eloranta、Janina Kwandrans1996-03-01Nordic Journal of Botany

Macroscopic red algae were sampled simultaneously with diatom sampling from 60 locations in central Finnish rivers and at some rivers in south coast rivers in the summers 1986, 1993 and 1994. In those samples 17 red algal taxa from 5 genera ( Audouinella (3). Batrachospermum (7). Lemanea (4), Sirodotia (2) and Tuomeya…

Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton DynamicsSoil and Water Nutrient DynamicsDiatoms and Algae Research

Melt rheology of zinc alkali phosphate glasses

Robert L. Sammler、Joshua U. Otaigbe、Mike Lapham 等 6 位作者1996-03-01Journal of Rheology

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. L. Sammler, J. U. Otaigbe, M. L. Lapham, N. L. Bradley, B. C. Monahan, C. J. Quinn; Melt rheol…

Glass properties and applicationsStructural Analysis of Composite MaterialsPigment Synthesis and Properties