Materials Literature
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Abstract Some properties of the structure of polyamide (PA) and polypropylene (PP) hollow fibers were investigated in a theoretical fashion. These fibers were simultaneously compared with solid fibers. The structural indices of the hollow fibers, that is, the wall thickness and inner diameter, were systematically exam…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A 1-D numerical model describing the ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-NO<sub>x</sub> process has been developed based on data measured on a laboratory microreactor for a vanadia-titania washcoated catalyst system. Kinetics for various NH<sub>3</s…
Abstract Aqueous emulsions of cationic polyurethane ionomers, based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone glycol) as soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment, 3‐dimethylamino‐1,2‐propanediol as chain extender and potential ionic center, and hydrochloric acid as neutralizer, were mixed with tetraethoxysilane to prepare s…
Abstract The reaction of cellulose with polyethylenimines (PEIs) was studied using diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, and standard colorimetry. PEIs were applied from aqueous solutions at the natural pH (pH ∼ 11) and at pH = 6. The obtained materials w…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the market introduction of the Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) system in serial applications in May 2000, more than 500,000 vehicles have been DPF-equipped. Tracking the serial production current situation, several themes for improvement have been identified, including system s…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">SCR technology has proven its ability to significantly reduce NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Hence it has become an outstanding solution to be used to meet future emission limits in Europe, Japan and North America. To add even more confidence towards the introduction of SCR…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel vehicles have significant advantages over their gasoline counterparts including a more efficient engine, higher fuel economy, and lower emissions of HC, CO, and CO<sub>2</sub>. However, NO<sub>x</sub> control is more difficult on a diesel because of…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">High strain rate test methods to obtain strain-rate dependent sheet steel tensile properties are considered. A tensile test method for sheet steels was developed to obtain accurate stress-strain data over the strain rate range from 0.001 s<sup>-1</sup> to 500 s<sup&…
Abstract Summary: A series of polyester‐based ionomers containing dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (DMSI) with up to 5 mol‐% diacid units was synthesized by two‐step polycondensation. Furthermore a polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by introducing poly(ethylene‐ co ‐methacrylic acid) ionomers with different io…
Abstract A two‐step direct copolymerization process of L ‐lactic acid ( L ‐LA)/glycolic acid (GA) was developed. The first step was to produce an oligomer of L ‐LA/GA and then the oligomer was polymerized with binary catalyst tin chloride dihydrate/ p ‐toluenesulfonic acid. In this way, the copoly( L ‐LA/GA) (PLGA), w…
Abstract Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS)/organophilic clay nanocomposites were fabricated by direct‐melt intercalation method. To overcome the thermal instability of organophilic clay at high‐melt processing temperatures of sPS, an organophilic clay modified by alkyl phosphonium was adopted, which is known to be therma…
Abstract Summary: The comonomer‐unit compositions and their distribution of as‐produced bacterial copolyesters, including poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), poly(3‐hydroxy‐butyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxypropionate), poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)…
Design and demonstration of a versatile liquid crystal-based scanner is shown for steering a laser beam in three dimensions. The scanner consists of a unique combination of digital and analog control polarization-based beam forming optics resulting in both continuous and random fashion beam steering. The design featur…
We report nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) measurements for the icosahedral boron carbide ${\mathrm{B}}_{4}\mathrm{C}$ for transferred momentum q from 1 to 9 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The observed q-dependence together with site-specific ab initio calculations identify a near-edge peak in…
Abstract Attempts were made to prepare dynamically crosslinked ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP, 60/40 w/w) blends loaded with various amounts of silica as a particulate reinforcing agent. The dispersion of silica between the two phases under mixing conditions, and also extent of interaction, as…
Abstract The photoinitiated grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto polypropylene with the use of benzophenone (BP) as the initiator has been investigated. In comparison with the process of thermally initiated grafting with peroxide as the initiator, photoinitiated grafting affords a higher grafting efficiency. The ef…
Abstract Polymer‐layered silicate nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and an organically modified silicate [tetraallkyl ditallow ammonium bentonite (B34)] system prepared via melt intercalation were studied. The saturation ratio of PMMA to B34 was 25:75 (w/w), as determined by dynamic mechanical thermal…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will review the field of diesel emission control with the intent of highlighting representative studies that illustrate the state-of-the-art. First, the author reviews general technology approaches for heavy and light duty applications. Given the emerging significance o…
Abstract Coating of silica nanoparticles by biocompatible and biodegradable polymers of ε‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide was performed in situ by ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic monomers with aluminum, yttrium, and tin alkoxides as catalysts. Hydroxyl groups were introduced on the silica surface by grafting of…
The effect of oxalic acid (OA) on corrosion resistance of carbon steel in sulphuric acid pH=2.5‐6.0 solutions containing 10 −7 ‐10 −3 M OA was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarisation measurements and immersion tests. The results suggest that OA is a good corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel, exhibiting i…