Materials Literature
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Epitaxial films of W-doped vanadium oxides including W–V2O3, W–VO2 and W–V2O5 were deposited on sapphire (110) by reactive magnetron sputtering of a V–W (1.6 at. % W) alloy target in a range of oxygen partial flows. The deposited films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectromet…
Power‐generation experiments of solid‐oxide fuel cells with Ni/yttria‐stabilized zirconia cermet anodes were carried out by changing the water‐to‐methane ratio in the fuel. To separate the electrochemical reactions occuring on the three‐phase boundary of the anode from the steam‐reforming reactions, premixed gases cor…
Platinum is a strong candidate for an electrode material of the high dielectric capacitors in highly integrated dynamic random access memory devices. However, it is extremely difficult to etch the fine patterns of Pt due to an inherently low etch slope. This characteristic comes from the physical sputtering nature of…
The properties of electroplated copper film have been investigated as a function of annealing temperatures together with the diffusion barrier performance. Electroplated copper films on copper and tungsten seed materials were annealed from 300 to 700 °C in N2 atmosphere for grain growth study. The average grain size o…
We report the physical properties of ZnO:Ga-based films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). In addition, the surface characteristics of the films are modified with a series of cleaning and etching steps. The films were produce…
Poly(trimethylene phthalates or naphthalate) and copolymers are aromatic polyesters made by polycondensation of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and terephthalic acid (PTT), isophthalic acid (PTI) or naphthalic acid (PTN) and/or with comonomers (isophthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol, etc.). This presentation describes the chemistry a…
Transitions to chaos in three-dimensional limited aspect ratio boxes, filled with an incompressible fluid and heated from below, have been examined by direct numerical simulation as the Rayleigh number is varied. Two different problems have been considered: the first is related to a domain 3.5 x 1 x 2.1 filled with wa…
Second-harmonic generation in germanosilicate glasses was encoded by coherent superposition of the 810-nm fundamental and the 405-nm second-harmonic light of a femtosecond laser. The difference spectra between the absorption spectra of the glasses before and after preparation were measured. An evident correlation betw…
X-ray reflectivity under grazing incidence conditions is a powerful technique to study thin film density, surface roughness, and the multilayer structure without destroying the samples. In this article, we, using x-ray reflectivity technique, have studied the effects of bias voltage and deposition pressure on the mass…
The evaluation method of dielectric data based on a Williams product ansatz [A. Arbe, D. Richter, J. Colmenero, and B. Farago, Phys. Rev. E 54, 3853 (1996)] is not suited to the crossover region of the dynamic glass transition. This method is insensitive to the shape, position, or even existence of at least one of the…
Oxygen permeation properties of (A'=Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg) were investigated. The oxides with ≤ 0.2 had hexagonal structure at room temperature. The disk membranes (1.0 mm thick) made of these oxides, when cooled from high temperature, showed significant rates of oxygen permeation down to critical temperatures characteri…
A number of 5-(alkylamino)- or 5-(arylamino)-2H-pyrrolium salts 3 or 5 have been obtained by treating the 1-aza-1,3-diene hydrochlorides 2 with isocyanides R4NC in refluxing acetonitrile or chloroform for a few hours. Depending on the experimental conditions, deprotonation of these species can occur in the reaction me…
A hypothesis for fiberÂfiber interaction in planar randomly oriented concentrated fiber suspensions is proposed and tested. The idea is that at sufficiently high fiber concentrations, friction and lubrication at fiberÂfiber contact points are the dominant interaction mechanisms. A fiber pull-out technique is introdu…
Abstract Conductive polymer composites were prepared by melt‐mixing of an immiscible blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and carbon black (CB). Three major factors—the carbon black content, the carbon black type, and the composite morphology—were shown to have remarkable effect…
The superplastic deformation of fine-grained yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (YSZPs) has been revised through a detailed analysis. The results indicate that high purity YSZPs (residual impurity content below 0.1 wt%) display a transition in the apparent stress exponent n ap from 2 (region II) to higher values…
Collagen type I extracted with acid or digested with pepsin forms fibrils under physiological conditions, but this ability is lost when the collagen is treated with alkaline solution or digested with matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). When acid-soluble collagen was incubated with alkali-treated collagen, the fibril fo…
Combination of anionic [V10O28]6- and cationic [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyoxometalate clusters in an aqueous solution resulted in immediate hydrogel precipitation formation. This gel has the clusters in a 1:1 ratio arranged alternatively to form a short-range ordering. The precipitate, upon drying at room temperatu…
Kinetics of the grafting free radical polymerization of styrene from the surface of Si wafers with a top silica layer was studied by in situ ellipsometric measurements of the grafted amount ( A ). Wafers uncovered and covered by physisorbed azo- or peroxide macroinitiator or covalently bonded with the substrate azo-in…
Various approaches can be used to minimize residual stresses in ceramic‐metal joining, such as a refractory‐metal interlayer in a hot‐pressed joint. Nonetheless, it is still necessary to characterize the stresses at and near the interface between the interlayer and the ceramic, as a function of the hot‐pressing parame…
Local structures and orientations of guest molecules in kaolinite intercalation compounds of kaolinite/formamide (FA), kaolinite/formamide- N, N - d 2 (FA- d 2 ), kaolinite/ N -methylformamide (NMF), and kaolinite/ N, N -dimethylformamide (DMF) have been studied by means of solid-state NMR. 29 Si magic-angle-spinning…