Materials Literature
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Photoresponsive liquid crystals and organogels are finding increasing application in information technology and photonics. In this tutorial review, the authors describe how weak intermolecular interactions facilitate molecular organization of cholesterol-containing dimesogens to form such materials. Design considerati…
The results of the search for the optimal experimental conditions for ultrasentitive chemical analysis of 1-naphthalenethiol (1-NAT) and 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NAT) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are discussed. The report begins with a review of the vibrational spectra, including infrared and Raman spec…
The use of surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance in the optical near field of a metallic mask to produce fine patterns with a resolution of subwavelength scale is proposed. Preliminary numerical simulations indicate that the critical resolution is mainly determined by the thickness of the metallic mask. The surfac…
Strain(work)-hardening in tensile tests was examined for low carbon steels with various ferrite grain sizes ranged from 0.4 to 16 μm. The steels had microstructures composed of ferrite grains and dispersed cementite particles. They were fabricated through warm caliber bar-rollings with an accumulative area reduction o…
We investigate the dynamics of cellular solidification patterns using three-dimensional phase-field simulations. The cells can organize into stable hexagonal patterns or exhibit unsteady evolutions. We identify the relevant secondary instabilities of regular hexagonal arrays and find that the stability boundaries depe…
A highly efficient oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is accomplished over calcined Au/ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst with oxygen as oxidant.
The magnetic behavior of the Ca3Co2O6 spin chain compound is characterized by a large Ising-like character of its ferromagnetic chains, set on a triangular lattice, that are antiferromagnetically coupled. At low temperature, T < 7 K, the 3D antiferromagnetic state evolves towards a spin frozen state. In this temperatu…
We propose efficient pseudospectral numerical schemes for solving the self-consistent, mean-field equations for inhomogeneous polymers. In particular, we introduce a robust class of semi-implicit methods that employ asymptotic small scale information about the nonlocal density operators. The relaxation schemes are fur…
A soft and very elastic poly(lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) (PLCL)(50:50, Mn 185 x 10(3)) was synthesized. Tubular scaffolds were prepared by an extrusion-particulate leaching method for mechano-active vascular tissue engineering. The copolymer was very flexible but completely rubber-like elastic. Even the high poro…
Research on the deformation mechanisms of tendons and wood has shown that these tissues deform mostly by shearing of a soft matrix between stiff fibres. For this type of composite to be both strong and tough, tight binding between matrix and fibres is required. Recent results suggest that Nature may have evolved speci…
Many crystalline solids cannot be prepared as single crystals of sufficient size and/or quality for structure determination to be carried out using single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In such cases, when only polycrystalline powders of a material are available, it is necessary instead to tackle structure dete…
Abstract When feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis is grown in culture, it secretes a keratinase that hydrolyzes the β-keratin matrix of a feather, thereby releasing oligopeptides that dissolve into the medium surrounding the feather and feather-degrading bacilli. These peptides absorb light passed through a sampl…
Abstract A set of five different aluminium oxide layers has been investigated using XPS. The oxide layers were made by oxidizing aluminium in a vacuum, with an alkaline and acidic pretreatment and in boiling water. Hydroxyl fractions of the aluminium oxide layers ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 were determined by constrained…
Abstract Azobenzene chromophores can be switched between two geometric isomers using visible light. This photoisomerization is rapid, reversible, and of high quantum yield, and the wavelengths effecting the transformation can be tuned synthetically with substituent groups to the chromphores. Upon isomerization, there…
The first stable pi-dimer of a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) cation radical encapsulated in the cavity of cucurbit[8]uril has been isolated at room temperature and fully characterized; it shows absorption bands at 400, 540 and 760 nm, characteristic of the TTF cation radical dimer.
This paper reports a novel immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and immunogold labelling with silver staining enhancement. Immunoreactions between immunogold colloids modified by a Raman-active probe molecule (e.g., 4-mercaptobenzoic acid) and antigens, which were captured by antibody-assemble…
Ni-free Ti-base shape memory alloys (SMA) have been systematically developed by our group for biomedical applications in order to replace Ti-Ni SMAs which posses the possibility of Ni-hypersensitivity. In this study, superelastic behavior of solution-treated Ti-24 mol%Nb-3 mol%Al alloy was investigated by means of ten…
In this review, we examine the role of oxide support defects, cluster size-dependence, cluster structural fluxionality, and impurity doping on the catalytic properties of size-selected metal clusters on surfaces. By combining experimental results from the oxidation of CO on size-selected gold clusters with ab-initio c…
Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent label with wide-ranging applications for cell imaging. The electron density and elemental composition of these materials permit the extension of their use as probes in conventional electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM). Her…
Einstein and Smoluchowski's treatment of the Brownian motion has been discussed. It is shown that although the diffusion equations derived from both treatments are mathematically identical, Smoluchowski's equation defines a somewhat concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient, while Einstein's equation defines a con…