Thermoelectricity: An Introduction to the Principles
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Elastic Constants of Strontium Titanate
The elastic constants ${c}_{11}$, ${c}_{12}$, and ${c}_{44}$ of single-crystal strontium titanate have been measured as a function of temperature from 300 to 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by determining the velocity of an ultrasonic wave. At 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the strontium titanate unde…
Solution of Gases in Polyethylene Terephthalate
The solubilities of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, methane, carbon dioxide, and ethane in glassy amorphous and crystalline polyethylene terephthalate have been studied by time-lag and/or static sorption methods. Solubilities of all the gases but ethane were also determined in the rubbery crystalline polymer. The onl…
Thermogravimetric analysis. A review
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Surface Energy of Germanium and Silicon
Surface energy is one of the most fundamental parameters of a solid since it depends directly on the binding forces of the material. Indeed, it is a measure of the work necessary to separate a material into two parts along a plane. Very few measurements have been made of this quantity and these by indirect means, beca…
Optical Properties of the Silver and Cuprous Halides
The exciton spectrum of AgI, CuI, CuBr, and CuCl is discussed and various peaks attributed to several coexisting crystal modifications. The shift of the peaks with alloy concentration in the pseudobinary systems formed with these compounds is reported and interpreted. The absorption and reflection spectra of these mat…
Dielectric Constant with Local Field Effects Included
The self-consistent field method of Cohen and Ehrenreich is used to obtain the macroscopic longitudinal dielectric constant that includes local field effects. The physical basis for the local field is discussed for nonlocalized electrons. In the limit of long wavelengths and low frequencies, it is shown that the diele…
The Measurement of Magnetic Induction in High Magnetic Fields at Low Temperatures. CoSO4·7H2O
A discussion of the potentiometric method of measuring magnetic induction has been given for isothermal, isentropic, and isoerstedic processes. The magnetic properties of CoSO4·7H2O have been investigated over the range 1.2° to 78°K and in fields up to 93 kgauss. Values of the differential isothermal magnetic suscepti…
Absorption Spectra of Type I and Type II Synthetic Diamonds
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. J. Charette; Absorption Spectra of Type I and Type II Synthetic Diamonds. J. Chem. Phys. 15 De…
Empirical Relations of Thermodynamic ``Constants'' to the Activation Parameters of Polymer Relaxations
Experimental data are analyzed to show that for some polymer relaxations observed in dynamic mechanical experiments, the activation enthalpy and entropy appear to follow a series of empirical relations. These relations, which also apply to inorganic solids, indicate that melting temperature, thermal volume expansion c…
Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Study of β Nitrogen
Three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data have been collected from single crystals of nitrogen at 50°K. The observed general condition, l=2n for hh2h̄l reflections is in agreement with the previously assigned space group, P63/mmc, and there are two molecules in the unit cell. The data agree equally well with two nearly…
Molecular Vibrations and Structure of High Polymers. III. Polarized Infrared Spectra, Normal Vibrations, and Helical Conformation of Polyethylene Glycol
The polarized infrared spectra of highly oriented crystalline films of polyethylene glycol were measured in the region 3500–400 cm—1. Five parallel bands and eleven perpendicular bands due to the fundamental vibrations were observed in the region 1500–600 cm—1. From the analysis of these bands, the polyethylene glycol…
Distribution Functions and Ionization Rates for Hot Electrons in Semiconductors
The distribution of electrons in a semiconductor at high electric field is governed by a Boltzmann equation which describes the effects of the field, the phonons, and the ionization processes on the electrons. This equation can be converted to an integral equation for the space and energy dependent collision density b…
Imperfections in type I and type II diamonds
Abstract Natural diamonds have been thinned sufficiently by oxidation at 750 °C in oxygen or at 1350 °C in carbon dioxide for examination by transmission electron microscopy. Type I and type II diamonds as classified by infra-red and ultra-violet absorption measurements have been investigated and a difference in the n…
Etch Patterns and Dislocation Etch Pits on Germanium with KI-I2 Redox System
Dissolution of Ge proceeds through the oxidation of Ge by iodine. The etching rate is several hundred µg/cm 2 hr with the activation energy being approximately 0.22 e V /molec. and it is in the order: {100}>{110}>{111}. The etchant develops three-, two- and four-fold symmetrical patterns, bounded by {111} planes…
Soil Potassium and Its Availability to Plants
The chemistry of potassium in soil is elusive, as many factors govern release of the element from insoluble materials and its subsequent availability to plants. Advances have come with a better understanding of the behaviour of clay minerals, the finest particles of which have a major role. Potassium status and its me…
Copper Chromite-catalyzed Conversion of Some Glycols to Dioxenes
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper Chromite-catalyzed Conversion of Some Glycols to DioxenesR. K. Summerbell, Donald M. Jerina, and Robert J. GrulaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4433–4436Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 D…
Effect of Oxygen on the Vapor Pressure of Uranium
The published observations pertaining to the vapor pressure of uranium have been examined for consistencies. Since it was shown previously by Rauh and Thorn that oxygen suppresses the vapor pressure, the experiment by DeMaria, Burns, Drowart, and Inghram involving a mixture of uranium and aluminum oxide contained in a…
Pressure Dependence of the Intrinsic Magnetization of Iron and Nickel
The relative change in the saturation flux, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{s}}{{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{s}}$, has been observed on Fe and Ni at room temperature in the range up to 11 000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in hydrostatic pressure. It decreases almost linearly as the pressure increases for both Fe and N…
A Crystallographic Investigation of Calcium Diferrite
Calcium diferrite has been prepared at 1220°C in air. The lattice constants at 25° C of calcium diferrite have been determined by X‐ray powder data and have been based on the hexagonal system. They are a = 5.992 ± 0.004 A and co = 31.121 ± 0.008 A. The coefficients of thermal expansion were evaluated by X‐ray methods…