Materials Literature
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Evolutional changes in interior structures of mixed population biofilms grown on domestic wastewater were quantitatively analyzed using a cryosectioning technique and an image analysis. Meanwhile, transport of particulates into the biofilms was also experimentally investigated using fluorescent microbeads as tracers t…
The objectives of this study were to determine if the use of leonardite as a fertilizer supplement improved crop growth and if there was a residual effect from previous applications. Three planting sequences were established and leonardite applied at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 lb/acre (0, 56.1, 112.1, 224.3 and 445.6 kg…
This survey of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) has three main thrusts: mechanism, storage phosphors as materials of the imaging plate materials and application to radiation dosimetry. In the light of the survey, it can be said that the imaging plate utilizing the PSL in alkali halide insulating phosphors or II-IV c…
The organic carbon (C) oxidation efficiencies of the Walkley‐Black and modified wet combustion procedures were evaluated in soil samples taken from different ecological zones and diverse parent materials in Nigeria. Dry combustion using a C analyzer was the standard to evaluate the efficiency of the modified wet combu…
Computer modelling methods, based on the lattice energy and the defect energy minimization, have been used to study some properties of the MgAl2O4 spinels. Calculations have been carried out using defect simulation procedures, programmed in the “General Utility Lattice Program – GULP” following the Mott and Littleton…
The fracture behaviour of fcc crystals has been investigated by numerically simulating the dynamical failure of a three-dimensional notched crystal using molecular dynamics, simple interatomic potentials for a rare-gas solid and system sizes of about ten million atoms. We find that the solid fails by brittle cleavage…
The interaction of pitch pyrolysis in porous anode carbon during heating and volatile combustion in the flue gas channel has been analyzed to gain insight in the anode baking process. A two-dimensional geometry of a flue gas channel adjacent to a porous flue gas wall, packing coke, and an anode was used for studying t…
We report findings from studies of water subjected to tension by pulsed dynamic stressing which may have significance in the context of assessing the safety of biomedical applications of low-frequency ultrasound. When incident on bubbles near a free surface (or a flexible membrane), shockwaves generated by cavitation…
A microstripe cavity was used to make microwave ( f ∼10 GHz) measurements of the time of variation of the permittivity of SrTiO 3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 films exposed to unipolar video-frequency voltage pulses. It was shown that the permittivity of SrTiO 3 films varies over times less than 30 ns. For (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 films two…
Impact modifiers with grafted PMMA shell are used to modify polymethylmethacrylate matrix. The composition of the shell is chosen to enhance the interactions at the modifier/matrix interface and to obtain good dispersion of the impact modifier in order to optimize impact strength of the blend. The degree of interactio…
The utilization of reactive high-energy milling has been reported for the synthesis of ceramic powders namely, metal oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides or mixtures of ceramics or ceramic and metal compounds. In this work, high-energy milling was used for reduction of alumina powders to nanometric particle size. The c…
Recent investigations have shown that quenched Mg-Al alloys exhibit metastable quasiperiodic states for concentrations ranging from 47 to 61 at.% Al. We report here a structural study of the related high-temperature equilibrium states by means of electron diffraction. We derive that the stable states can be described…
Electron spin resonance (ESR), at 9, 94, and 190 GHz, and magnetization studies on polycrystalline, powder, and ultrafine powder samples of $\mathrm{Ni}({\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{H}}_{10}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{3}({\mathrm{ClO}}_{4})$ (NINAZ) have revealed several effects arising from the Haldane phase. Us…
The electrical switching characteristics of reflection gratings formed using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are explored. First, an explanation for the lack of switching in previously formed gratings formed using E7 as the liquid crystal is proposed based on experiments on slightly slanted gratings. These confirm t…
The application of resonant (anomalous) scattering techniques to ab initio structure solution from powder data is demonstrated for the compound SrSO 4 . This material is orthorhombic, in space group Pnma ( a = 8.359, b = 5.351, c = 6.869 Å, Z = 4), with 11 variable atomic positional parameters, and gives a fairly comp…
Tensile creep and the creep ruptures of an alumina‐17 vol% silicon carbide nanocomposite at 1200°C were investigated, with a particular interest in the behaviors at low applied stresses. At stresses of <50 MPa, the creep rates were remarkably decayed and the creep lives were substantially prolonged, which suggested…
A dry route to etching metal oxides at low temperatures (<200°C) using gaseous β-diketones is described. The Figure is an SEM micrograph of a ZnO film after etching. This method is a promising alternative to current wet-etching and cleaning methods as easily desorbed, volatile, low-molecular-weight metal–organic produ…
The formation of complexes and the mode of binding to macrocyclic host molecules (α- and β-cyclodextrins, CDs) of the nootropic drug CI-844 (3-phenoxypyridine sulphate, Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis) were studied using NMR techniques (T-ROESY) complemented by molecular dynamics (MD) protocols which allowed complete inter…
Single crystals of natural diamond which exhibit an approximately cubic morphology are known to have grown either ( a ) by nonfaceted cuboid growth or ( b ) by fibrous growth branching in a multiplicity of 〈111〉 columns, to give a mean surface orientation of {100}. Interpenetrant twins of diamond are uncommon; but whe…
The basic structural differences between three thermotropic liquid crystals TB4A, TB7A and TB10A have been interpreted by analysing their Raman spectra. Three spectral regions, 925-1025, 1275-1475 and 1525-1650 cm-1, have been chosen in this context to incorporate their structural dissimilarity. The induced planarity…