Materials Literature
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Inverter supply is known to create additional power losses in an induction machine over those occurring with grid supply. The extent and nature of that increase are examined here for a switching frequency representative of current practice. Data are obtained from a time-stepped finite element analysis (FEA) model of t…
Electrostatic levitation together with multibeam heating and ultraviolet imaging overcame contamination, imaging, and sample position stability problems associated with handling of liquid tantalum and rhenium. Here, the density [ρ(T)] of these metals is reported in the superheated and undercooled states. Over the 2760…
Samples of Co0.1Ti0.9O2−δ (anatase) prepared by the sol–gel technique are found to be paramagnetic at room temperature, with the magnetic susceptibility following Curie–Weiss law in the investigated range of 2–370 K. However, transformation from paramagnetism to room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) is observed by hy…
Effects of praseodymium modification on the crystal structure and polarization properties were investigated for layered ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT). Neutron powder diffraction and x-ray photoelectron analyses showed that praseodymium ions are substituted at the Sr site as Pr3+ and that Sr vacancies are created for…
The microstructure and electrical properties of ultrathin BaTiO3 films (2–7 nm thick) have been studied. Multidomain structures having 180° domains and 90° domain boundaries were observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The domains, which have a width as small as one unit cell, are mostly oriented…
A simple quantitative method for in situ control of the focused-electron-beam-induced deposition process is discussed and demonstrated with precursors used for Au, Cu, Rh, and SiO2 deposition. A picoamperemeter monitors the electron current flowing through the sample, which reproducibly drops at a characteristic rate…
Abstract The influence of electron beam irradiation on the properties of fluorine‐containing poly(aryl ether ketone)s (F‐PEK), derived from 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzoic acid, was examined. Irradiation was performed with an electron beam at a dose of 3.63 × 10 3 Gy s −1 for which the corresponding doses were 29.0, 51.0…
Depending on the choice of thin film models and measurement data used for the characterization analysis one can obtain essentially different characterization results. It is especially difficult to reliably determine refractive index wavelength dependencies in the case of low accuracy measurement data. We consider poss…
The straightforward way to determine the half-life of a radioactive substance is to measure its activity in each of a series of time intervals, plot the data as a function of the accumulated time on semilog paper, and then measure the slope of the graph. A computer simulation of this procedure follows based on materia…
Several divinyl ether and diepoxide monomers bearing an azobenzene moiety were synthesized and used to investigate the photoalignment of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) with no use of surface orientation layers. Azobenzene polymer networks, obtained by cationic polymerization of the monomers dissolved in the FLC…
Abstract Crosslinked polyethylene foam is widely used in packaging and as an insulation material. Finely ground waste of such crosslinked foam mesh size 7 or particle size less than 2815 μm is used as a filler in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) of two different grades (7.5 and 21 MFI). Mechanical, thermal, and morpho…
Abstract Novel heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes using poly (ether sulfone)(PES) as binder and sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) (SPPS) powder as polyelectrolyte were prepared by the solution casting‐immersion method. Compared with a conventional route for heterogeneous membrane, the steps of milling resin into…
Abstract Acrylic polyols of different hydroxyl numbers consisting of hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene were prepared by free‐radical solution as well as suspension polymerization techniques in the presence of benzoyl peroxide initiator. These polyols were crosslinked with but…
The atomic structure of the film–substrate interface of a (001) Sr2RuO4/(100)c LaAlO3 film, determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and simulation, is reported. The structure of superconductivity-quenching Δc≈0.25 nm out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs) in the film is also reported. Growth in one regi…
A density functional plane-wave pseudopotential method is used to study the formation energy of a number of acceptor- and donor-type defects in SrTiO 3 as a function of oxidizing atmosphere and doping levels in the bulk crystal. Of the three donor defects (V O , Nb Ti and Al Sr ) and two acceptor defects (Na Sr and Al…
We report the structural investigations of β-HgS and HgSe quantum dots as a function of temperature between 300 and 600 K using x-ray diffraction. For both the chalcogenides, the zinc-blende structure remains stable up to 600 K without undergoing any phase transformation. The crystallite size increases as a function o…
Although good precision has been realised in iron loss calculation for static electrical apparatus, such as transformers, difficulties have been encountered in the case of rotating machines. Due to complex structures, varying flux distributions, rotational field and flux density harmonics, less satisfactory results ar…
The aim of this article is to determine the role of carbon atoms in the growth of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films by means of an argon/acetylene expanding thermal plasma. Cavity ring down absorption spectroscopy is used to detect metastable carbon atoms by probing the 1s2 2s2 2p 3s 1P1←1s2 2s2 2p2 1S0 elec…
Recent experimental results from dynamic light scattering on two-component colloidal mixtures close to the glass transition are compared to theory. In the framework of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition, close agreement is found in general. Discrepancies are identified for the minority-particle correlati…
Abstract Organophilic montmorillonite was prepared using ion‐exchange method between sodium ions in clay layers and stearyltrimethyl ammonium chloride in the various solvents, including deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and toluene. The montmorillonite has the largest d 001 spacing, as determined by X‐ray diffraction…