Materials Literature
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An overview of the optical limiting (OL) processes in phthalocyanines and related compounds is presented, particularly a description of the synthesis and relevant optical properties of a series of axially substituted indium(III), titanium(IV), phthalo- and naphthalocyanines, and octaarylporphyrazines. Several techniqu…
The photosensitizing and pharmacokinetic properties of porphyrin-type compounds have been investigated for nearly a century. In the last decade, two porphyrin derivatives were approved in the U.S.A. and in several other countries for the photodynamic treatment of various lesions. An overview of the different mechanism…
This paper focuses on a theoretical investigation of the coupling mechanism of heat transfer and liquid moisture diffusion in porous textiles using a mathematical model developed earlier. In the model, an equation describing liquid diffusion behavior is incorporated into an energy conservation equation and mass conser…
Spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments are employed to characterize nanocolloidal gold films, self-assembled at APTES-derivatized Si/SiO 2 surfaces. X-ray fluorescence measurements after deposition confirm that AFM provides a representative means to probe the absolute surface coverage…
Rapid and accurate determination of the surface area of three kaolinite clay standards, taking into account the complex microtopography of the particles, was achieved using atomic force microscopy images and computerized image analysis. All surface areas were determined to within 3%. Edge surface area is 18.2-30.0% of…
ABSTRACT Seven bacteria were isolated from spoiled tofu and identified as Bacillus sp. (S08), B. megaterium (S10), B. cereus (S17, S27, S28, S32), and Enterobacter sakazakii (S35). In a paper disc test with 6 chitosans and 6 chitosan oligomers of different molecular weights, chitosans showed higher antimicrobial activ…
Glasses with a high refractive index exhibit interesting properties. All optical switching and broadband amplification performances have been demonstrated using glasses based on bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ). Optical Kerr shutter (OKS) switching and degenerated four‐wave mixing experiments for nonresonant‐type Bi 2 O 3 –B…
We report the preparation methods and electro-optical characterization of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals with nanosized liquid crystal domains obtained by using a multifunctional monomer in a prepolymer mixture that is suitable for a fast photopolymerization process. The electric-field-induced optical phase shift h…
The thermal conductivity of ZnO with different particle sizes (micrometer, submicrometer, and nanometer) was measured using the laser flash technique. As the “green” samples were heated from room temperature to 600°C (and 1000°C) and then cooled down to room temperature, the thermal conductivity was measured in situ .…
The quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) respiratory complex of Escherichia coli is a four-subunit integral-membrane complex that catalyzes the final step of anaerobic respiration when fumarate is the terminal electron acceptor. The membrane-soluble redox-active molecule menaquinol (MQH(2)) transfers electrons to QFR by bi…
The structure of low-temperature β-Ta 2 O 5 oxide has been studied by the method of Rietveld full-profile analysis. It is established that this oxide has an orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a = 6.217 Å, b =3.677 Å, and c = 7.794 Å. The atomic coordinates and thermal parameters are also determined.
This is a companion work to our previous study on the pressureless sintering of boron carbide (B 4 C). The Vickers hardness and indentation fracture toughness of B 4 C compacts were measured after various sintering heat treatments. Increases in hardness and decreases in indentation fracture toughness as the grain size…
A method for the reliable fabrication of less than 200 nm thick, free-standing purified-SWNT films having large surface areas exceeding several cm2 is described. Films were characterized using a variety of optical, microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The procedure was also used to prepare thin films of as-prepared,…
ABSTRACT Thermal stability and kinetic parameters of commercial edible oils were investigated by non‐isothermal thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Kinetic parameters were calculated by integral and approximation methods. Results obtained indicated that these parameters were dependent on composition…
Fluorescence radiation trapping and nonradiative energy losses from the Nd 3+ 4 F 3/2 state are reported for two widely used commercial phosphate laser glasses (LHG‐8 and LG‐770). The effects of hydroxyl‐group, transition‐metal (Cu, Fe, V, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Pt), and rare‐earth (Dy, Pr, Sm, and Ce) impurities on the…
Research in development of antimicrobial packaging applications for further processed meats has become more common with recent outbreaks of contamination of these products. In this present study, lauric acid (8%, wt/wt) and 2.5% pure nisin (4%, wt/wt) were incorporated singly and together into thermally compacted soy…
By in vitro evolution experiment, we have first succeeded in acquiring higher active mutants of a synthase that is a key enzyme essential for bacterial synthesis of biodegradable polyester, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Aeromonas caviae FA440 synthase, termed PhaC(Ac), was chosen as a good target for evolution, since it…
Abstract The addition of a coupling agent to silica-rubber compounds enhances the filler-matrix compatibility. Under certain mixing conditions the surface of the filler may be only partly activated, which may have an adverse effect on the properties in the final product. Some coupling agents may also act as sulfur don…
Air layers trapped within a clothing microenvironment contribute to the thermal insulation afforded by the ensemble. Any exchange of air between the external environment and these trapped air layers results in a change in the ensemble's thermal insulation and water vapor resistance characteristics. These effects are s…
A perspective is provided on corrosion inhibition by bacterial biofilms. Inhibition of general corrosion by biofilms has been reported for mild steel, copper, aluminum, and stainless steels. The mechanisms most frequently cited for the inhibition are formation of a diffusion barrier to corrosion products that stifles…