Materials Literature
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Thermal chemical vapor deposition at temperatures as low as 423 K, using Ru3(CO)12 with no accompanying reactive gas, forms pure, uniform, and smooth Ru films on Ta and low-resistivity films on SiO2. A 2.5-nm-thick Ru film fully covers the underlying Ta and the Ru film is thermally stable up to 573 K. Unlike Ta, Ru fi…
This paper describes the commissioning and characterization of an SRS bending-magnet beamline constructed for the measurement of vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism on biological and other materials. The beamline provides photon fluxes of many orders of magnitude greater than commercial instruments or beamlines at o…
Thermodynamic characteristics of single crystalline $\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Zr}}_{0.52}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.48}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (PZT) were investigated using c-axis oriented PZT films. The PZT films were epitaxially grown on Pt/MgO substrate and dielectric and ferroelectric properties were measured as a function of one-di…
Temperature and magnetic field dependent magnetization and heat capacity of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{4}$ have been measured. In addition to the antiferromagnetic ordering observed at the N\'eel temperature, ${T}_{N}=128\mathrm{K},$ there is a cusp at $\ensuremath{\sim}17.5\mathrm{K}$ in the low…
Carbon-coated nanocrystalline MgO samples were prepared by butadiene pyrolysis at 500 °C over aerogel-prepared MgO samples. Samples with carbon loadings of 1.2, 3.2, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.9 wt % were prepared. Initial carbon formation rate was about 2 wt % per hour. According to HRTEM, the structure of the mineral compone…
The structural and magnetic properties of the metastable hexagonal ${\mathrm{SmFe}}_{9\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{x}\mathrm{C}$ compounds, where x is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1, have been investigated by means of powder x-ray diffraction, Curie temperature, magnetic moment and coercivity measurements, iron-57 M\"ossbau…
We report detailed Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements in Si/Si1−xGex nanostructures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy under conditions of near Stranski–Krastanov (S-K) growth mode. In a series of samples with x controllably increased from 0.098 to 0.53, we observe that an increase in Raman signal related to G…
Gold(III) porphyrins of the type (P-R)AuPF(6), where P = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin and R is equal to H (1), NO(2) (2), or NH(2) (3) which is substituted at one of the eight beta-pyrrolic positions of the macrocycle, were investigated as to their electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry…
We have proposed a possibility of chirality assignment of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes in nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs) by micro-photocurrent spectroscopy. The nanotube FETs were fabricated by utilizing position-controlled nanotube growth technique using alcohol chemical vapor deposition. Photo…
The effect of molecular weight on the isothermal crystallization and complex melting behavior of polymorphic nylon-6 has been studied within the context of the steplike crystallization and melting mechanism. Quiescent isothermal crystallization, at relatively low crystallization temperatures, of low molecular weight n…
Despite intensive research on optimizing the methods for depositing carbon encapsulated ferromagnetic nanoparticles, the effect of the carbon cages remains unclear. In the present work, the effect of the graphitic cages on the magnetization of the ferromagnetic core has been studied by comparing the magnetic propertie…
Material storage in the inner spaces of nanocarbon materials is visualized for the first time. It is shown that creating paths of a specific size to the inner space (see Figure) is indispensable for material storage in carbon nanopores, and that the adsorption rate for fullerene molecules is largely dependent on the n…
A project called STX-21 started in 1997 at National Research Institute for Metals (NRIM) for research and development (R&D) of ultra steels for the next century. One of the themes was “Development ...
Frequency dependence Tm(f ) of the permittivity maximum temperature observed in BaTi1−xSnx03, x=0.2 (BTS20), confirms that this composition is close above threshold xc for relaxor behavior in BTS. The low-frequency permittivity carries a ln(1/f )-frequency dependence in the vicinity of Tm, both for x=0.2 and x=0.125&a…
We synthesized diamond–SiC nanocomposites with superhardness and greatly enhanced fracture toughness through a synthetic approach based on high-energy ball milling to form amorphous Si precursors followed by rapid reactive sintering at high pressure (P) and high temperature (T). We show how the simultaneous P–T applic…
Tensile and compressive stress–strain characteristics for Ni–Ga–Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloys at several temperatures were investigated by mechanical test and a critical stress versus temperature diagram was obtained. The crystal structure of the martensite phase obtained by tensile-stress-induced martensitic t…
The problem of imaging for a slab of a lossless left-handed material with refractive index n=−(1−σ)1/2 is solved analytically for |σ|≪1. The electromagnetic field behavior is determined largely by singularities arising from the excitation of surface polaritons with wave vector q→±∞. Depending on the sign of σ, the nea…
A fast-response and scattering-free homogeneously aligned polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) light modulator is demonstrated at λ=1.55 μm wavelength. Light scattering in the near-infrared region is suppressed by optimizing the polymer concentration such that the network domain sizes are smaller than the wavelength.…
We have measured the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions based on ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ and various barrier materials $({\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3},{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2},{\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}).$ The interfacial spin polarization of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_…
We report exact model calculations of the spin-dependent tunneling in double magnetic tunnel junctions in the presence of impurities in the well. We show that the impurity can tune selectively the spin channels giving rise to a wide variety of interesting and novel transport phenomena. The tunneling magnetoresistance,…