Materials Literature
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An alkene isostere of Gly-trans-Pro was synthesized and incorporated into a host Ac-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)8-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2 peptide to investigate the effect of locking a proline amide bond. Proline amide bond isomerization is the slow step in collagen folding. By locking the amide, we hypothesized an increase in stability of…
A new process of ceramic matrix composite production, named Nano-powder Infiltration and Transient Eutectoid (NITE) process, has been developed and unidirectional SiC/SiC composites were prepared, and the effects of densification conditions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated.…
Glass of stoichiometric celsian composition, BaO · Al2O3 · SiO2 has density of 3.39 g/cm3, thermal expansion coefficient of 6.6 × 106/°C, glass-transition temperature of 910°C, and dilatometric softening point of 925°C. On heat treatment, only hexacelsian crystallized out on the surface, but both celsian and hexacelsi…
Ceramic fiber-ceramic matrix composites are of interest because of their potentially higher strength and toughness. A vacuum-forming technique was used to fabricate low-density structures from SiC fibers. These fibrous structures were then infiltrated using chemical vapor deposition. Matrices of Si3N4 and SiC have bee…
A range of techniques available for the measurement of particle size and particle-size distribution of ceramic materials is described. Their fields of application and limits of applicability are considered. Dispersion procedures are outlined and their importance emphasized. A comparison is made, using a number of cera…
A recently developed alumina-zirconia ceramic fiber provides excellent mechanical properties and shows good retention of those properties after exposure to high-temperatures. The fiber, which is referred to as PRD-166, has a tensile strength of over 2100 MPa (300 kspi) at 380 GPa (55 mpsi) modulus. After exposure to 1…
Near-stoichiometric, high crystalline SiC fiber, Hi-Nicalon type S has been developed. This SiC fiber was obtained, as well as Hi-Nicalon, by curing of polycarbosilane fibers with electron beam irradiation and pyrolysis. In order to estimate capability for a reinforcement of CMCs, microstructure, thermal stability, ox…
Tensile strength, creep strength, and rupture strength properties were measured for the following types of polymer-derived stoichiometric SiC fibers: Hi-Nicalon Type S from Nippon Carbon, Tyranno SA from Ube, and Sylramic from Dow Corning. Also included in this study were an earlier version of the SA fiber plus two re…
A previous review of toughening mechanisms in ceramic matrix composites is updated. Evaluation of recent PSZ results indicates a single tetragonal phase (i.e., no precipitates) with a reversible transformation can give about 2/3 the toughening of that which occurs with irreversible transformation in normal two phase P…
A modified Bridgman-type crystal-growing technique was used to fabricate a directionally solidified eutectic composite of Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 (YAG). The resulting composite did not have a truly directionally solidified microstructure, but the eutectic grains were large, elongated, and aligned with the continuous alumin…
Mechanisms of toughening of ceramic composites are reviewed from several perspectives, with the overall goal of providing guidance in composite development. Some theoretical concepts are used but are not the focus of the paper. The first perspective is an evaluation of why previous ceramic composites approaches were n…
Silicon nitride with a fracture toughness of 10.6 ± 0.5 MPa · m1/2 has been developed. This tough, nontransforming ceramic exhibits pronounced R-curve behavior. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and indentation/strength measurements were used to characterize the R-curve, and good agreement between the two methods was obtai…
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) are of significant interest to the scientific and technical communities for many of the same reasons that carbon nanotubes (CNT) have attracted wide attention. Both materials have potentially unique and important properties for structural and electronic applications. However of even more…
The hardness of SiC ceramics plays a significant role in their performance as armor materials. Different hardness measurement techniques and loads, however, substantially influence the hardness values of ceramics, making it difficult to make material comparisons and relate these to performance. In this study hardness…
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclic temperature and loading on the fatigue life of a cross ply ceramic matrix composite. The material used in this study was a potassium borosilicate glass (BSG) doped with 5% magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS) cordierite matrix reinforced with Nicalon (silico…
A high-temperature, controlled atmosphere Faraday magnetometer has been used to measure the magnetic susceptibility of La 1− x Sr x CoO 3−δ (LSC) as a function of temperature, Sr content ( x ), and oxygen nonstoichiometry ( δ ). Above 800 °C the magnetic susceptibility becomes independent of Co oxidation state and Sr…
Recovery of ceramics from ballistic experiments in which impacting ductile long-rod projectiles failed to penetrate has led to the observation and understanding of the localized damage mechanisms beneath the region of impact. The shape of the damaged region indicates that these mechanisms are shear-assisted. Based upo…
A glass-ceramic based on the ternary system BaO-CaO-SiO2 was investigated for its application as sealing material for the SOFC. Beside measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the glass itself, the joining properties were investigated. Characterization of the material is done by measurements of the coef…
Diesel particulate filters effectively trap the soot (elemental carbon and associated hydrocarbons) and ash present in diesel engine exhaust. This soot buildup causes an increase in the pressure drop across the filter, resulting in poorer engine performance. This soot buildup must be periodically eliminated by oxidizi…
Four oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were investigated in longitudinal tension and transthickness tension. The longitudinal tests were conducted at 23°C and 1000°C, while the transthickness tension tests were only performed at 23°C. The four CMCs showed good high temperature tensile behavior, with the ten…