Materials Literature
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High strain actuation can be obtained from crystallographically textured piezoelectric ceramics. Single crystal piezoelectrics demonstrate high strain because crystal orientation can be controlled - the perfect lattice simplifies crystal orientation. Single crystals actuate better than typical ceramics, but are expens…
In this paper, a regression model was constructed to optimize the relationships between the void fraction of foamed HDPE/wood-flour composites, the processing conditions (extruder’s die temperature and screw speed rate), and the formulation compositions [chemical foaming agent (CFA) concentration and the moisture cont…
The effect of the conditions of synthesis and of the substrate material on the metal-semiconductor phase transition in thin vanadium dioxide films prepared using laser ablation has been studied. The broadening of the hysteresis loop is shown to be due to a decrease in the size of the crystal grains making up the film.…
Abstract A divanadium-substituted derivative of 12-tungstosulfate(VI), [S(V2W10)O40]4− was prepared as the tetrabutylammonium (n-Bu4N+) salt by heating a 50 mM (M = mol dm−3) W(VI)–20 mM V(V)–0.5 M H2SO4–50% (v/v) CH3CN system at 70 °C for 24 h. The [S(V2W10)O40]4− anion was transformed spontaneously into a monovanadi…
Crack healing in silicon carbide was investigated by introducing cracks into specimens and subsequently heat‐treating the specimens. It was observed that cracks were healed, dramatically increasing the strength, by being filled with amorphous silica produced by the oxidation of silicon carbide. It was shown that the r…
Abstract Thermochemically partially devulcanized ground tire rubber (GTR D ) was revulcanized in compositions with different virgin rubbers. Two different devulcanizing groups (mixture of softeners) with and without processing oil have been used for GTR treatment. As virgin rubbers methylstyrene/butadiene (SBR), isopr…
We studied the optimal cell retardation value that shows the maximal transmittance in a fringe-field-driven homogeneously aligned (HA) nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell. When the LC with positive dielectric anisotropy is used, the transmittance is much higher than that of an in-plane-field-driven HA cell. The unexpecte…
Abstract Filler flocculation and polymer-filler interaction in silica and carbon black filled rubbers containing different functional end-groups were investigated. Lithium-hexamethyleneimine initiated polymers terminated with a proton (HMI-P-H), SnCl 4 (HMI-P-Sn), and a mixture of SnCl 4 and tetraethyl orthosilicate (…
This paper presents two approaches for nonlinear dynamic modeling of voltage-driven magnetic circuits. The field approach is based on a finite-element method; in two-dimensional laminated cores, an in-plane magnetic analysis is coupled with a one-dimensional eddy current solution across lamination thickness. The lumpe…
An effective numerical modeling of devices with lamination stacks cannot be done without replacing the laminations by an equivalent solid region. So far, no convincing model has been proposed, even in the "simple" case of linear magnetodynamics-particularly if the resultant current in each sheet does not cancel. In th…
The strength of structural adhesive joints for the bonding of metals such as steel or aluminium is mainly reduced by the degradation of the polymer/metal interface due to the ingression of water and subsequent electrochemical reactions. In this work, adhesive/metal interfaces were modified with ultra‐thin adhesion pro…
Abstract In this work, surface modification technique with coupling agents and anchoring polymerization was adopted to tailor the surface properties of nanoscaled titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). Ethyl glycol sols with TiO 2 were prepared in order to simulate the dispersibility of differently modified TiO 2 in a molten poly…
A fabrication process for nanoelectrodes with a nanogap of ∼35 nm is presented. This process is based on controlled placement of carbon nanotubes on metal electrodes using an alternating-current (ac) electric field. One bundle of single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) was placed successfully between two electrodes using an ac…
Abstract Summary: The bulk reactions between carboxy‐terminated polyamide‐12 ( PA12 ) or carboxy‐terminated poly(butane‐1,4‐diyl adipate) ( PBDA ) and 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylene)bis(2‐oxazoline) ( mbox ), 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(2‐oxazoline) ( pbox ), 2,2′‐(2,6‐pyridylene)bis(2‐oxazoline) ( pybox ) as chain‐coupling agents w…
Abstract Oil‐in‐water emulsions (30∶70, vol/vol) were formulated with sunflower lecithin to characterize the destabilization processes and the vesicles formed. Dispersions containing levels of 0.1% lecithin were more stable against coalescence than the control system. When the lecithin concentration was increased to 0…
Abstract Control of aftertreatment systems for lean burn technology engines represents a big challenge, due to the lack of on‐board emission measurements and the sensitivity of the hardware components to ageing and sulphur poisoning. In this paper, we consider the control and adaptation of aftertreatment systems invol…
Single crystals of bismuth orthoborate, BiBO 3 , were grown from the melt in the system Li 2 OBi 2 O 3 - B 2 O 3 · BiBO 3 is confirmed to adopt at least two different structural modifications. The modification BiBO 3 (I) (corresponding to PDF Nr. 28-0169) crystallizes with space group P2 1 /c. The structure consists o…
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technique that quantitatively measures the amount of corrosion protection provided by a coating to a metal substrate. This article illustrates the theory of EIS along with its potential for application in the evaluation of protective coatings for outdoor bronze sculptu…
Abstract Summary: Copolyesters containing aliphatic units in the main chain were obtained by reacting high molar mass poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with ε ‐caprolactone or δ ‐valerolactone at high temperature in the bulk. γ ‐Butyrolactone did not react in these conditions. Thermal properties were studied by DSC a…
Abstract This paper investigates the structural changes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in melt‐blends of a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the effects of LDPE content and number of extrusion passes. These effects were examined in terms of changes in weight average molecular weight and nu…