Materials Literature
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The results of studies of natural, native, and technical lignins are surveyed. Data are presented on the structures and physicochemical properties of various technical lignins (hydrolytic, sulphite, and sulphate lignins), which constitute the waste of the cellulose-paper and hydrolytic industries. Considerable attenti…
Abstract The identification of carbonate cements in rock sections is accomplished by means of textural criteria. Some of these criteria, relating to crystal fabric, may be modelled graphically in crystal growth diagrams. Existing crystal growth diagrams are oversimplified. Three new crystal growth diagrams are present…
Abstract The title compound and its potassium analog have been prepared from corresponding aqueous solutions of 99 TcO at pH ≈︁ 2 with SO 2 as a reducing agent. An X‐ray structure determination of the Na‐salt showed Tc coordinated to the tetradentate N(CH 2 COO) ligand (NTA). Two Tc‐NTA moieties are joined via two bri…
Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure from adsorbate core levels yields complete, accurate surface structures without resort to trial-and-error comparisons to theory. Scattering peaks from individual substrate atoms were observed with use of $\mathrm{S}(1s)$ photoemission from $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\te…
When superconductivity coexists with a spin-density wave (SDW) for the same electrons, both spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper-pair amplitudes of comparable magnitude must occur. Physical properties of the coexistence states are strongly affected by the amplitude of spin-triplet Cooper pairs even when the electron-e…
Crystals of 1,9-dimethyladeninium-indole-3-acetate (1:1) complex (I) and 9-(3-indol-3-ylpropyl)-1-methyladeninium iodide (II), an inter- or intramolecular model for the stacking interaction between the tryptophanyl residue and the methylated (or protonated) adenine base, were subjected to X-ray analyses. Nearly parall…
Possibilities and conditions for SEM observations on barium titanate domain structures are discussed. The optimum conditions to observe domains of the samples with no conducting layer are those providing a positive charge on the surface. The samples under study are examined in the secondary electron mode at 2 to 4 kV.…
The energy of grain boundary (GB) with non-equilibrium structure caused by trapped lattice dislocations (TLD's) and TLD dissociation products — extrinsic grain boundary dislocations (EGBD's) — are estimated. The process of GB structure recovery, i.e. transition of non-equilibrium GB structure into equilibrium state, i…
In some cases no interface with a strain compatibility (permissible interface) can occur between orientation domains in ferro-elastic crystals. Non permissible interfaces may then occur. Such interfaces are observed in monoclinic Sm2O3 at the external point of star patterns which can be observed in ferroelelastics occ…
The electrical and optical properties of two series of RF-sputtered In2O3/SnO2 films are investigated. One series is sputtered onto substrates which are held at room temperature and the second series onto substrates heated to 300°C. The oxygen partial pressure of the sputter gas is varied from 1 × 10−3 to 0.1 Pa in bo…
A new technique is described for high-spatial-resolution (<2-μm linewidth) etching of Al thin films. The process is based upon moderate local heating by a tightly focused Ar+ laser beam to activate an etching reaction in mixtures of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and potassium dichromate. By chemically biasing t…
The diffusion coefficient $D$ and electrotransport effective charge number ${Z}^{*}$ of hydrogen and deuterium in V, ${\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}$, and ${\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{y}$ were measured as a function of temperature using resistance techniques. Measurements were perfo…
The formalism of the path-probability method (PPM) of irreversible statistical mechanics as applied to transport processes is examined in connection with the calculation of the "correlation factor" in many-body diffusion problems. Tracer diffusion in disordered binary alloys is taken as an example for this treatment.…
ATR technique (glass prism-index matching oil-Ag-CaF 2 single crystal) has been used to observe long-range surface plasmon polaritons discussed recently by Sarid. At 632.8 nm, we have successfully observed the sturface plasmon polaritons in the propagation distance of 105 µm.
In order to explain the dc electrical conductivity in amorphous germanium, a new model for the one-electron states in the gap is proposed. It is based on the notion of strong interaction between a carrier and the lattice. The model explains a number of experimental observations apart from the dc electrical conductivit…
We present calculations of the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of semiconductors using the Penn model in the random-phase approximation, including collision effects via a phenomenological relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$. Analytical expressions for ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}(0,\ensuremath{\omega})$ (wit…
Subnanosecond photoconductive switching has been observed in ultraviolet illuminated type IIa diamonds. Switching efficiencies up to 50% were attainable in coaxially mounted samples for direct current bias voltage as high as 8 kV at room temperature.
A novel concept of ‘‘surface’’ spinodal decomposition is introduced in the context of wetting and prewetting first order transitions for simple fluids in contact with a bounding wall. Qualitative and semiquantitative discussions are made within the framework of a phenomenological Landau theoretical model for semi-infi…
Spectrally separated fluorescence emissions from liquid and vapor diesel fuel can be obtained by adding an exciplex-forming molecule to the fuel. The exciplex emission dominates the condensed phase emission, while the monomer emission dominates the vapor phase emission. In particular with the naphthalene/tetramethyl-p…
An all-metal facility has been built to handle about 1000 Ci of tritium for studies of the tritium behavior in metals. First measurements of the pressure-composition-temperature relationship for the palladium-tritium system $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{T}}_{x}$ are reported for the pressure range $0.1\ensuremath{\le}p\ensurem…