Materials Literature
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The Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybean is a small protein that contains a binary arrangement of trypsin-reactive and chymotrypsin-reactive subdomains. In this report, the crystal structure of this anticarcinogenic protein has been determined to 0.28-nm resolution by molecular replacement from crystals grown at neutral…
Abstract A new approach to the ring test is presented in this paper. Three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element modeling with contact has been performed to analyze the stress and strain distribution in the ring, to optimize the ring testing system, and to investigate the effect of friction between the ring specime…
Si 3 N 4 with high thermal conductivity (120 W/(m . K)) was developed by promoting grain growth and selecting a suitable additive system in terms of composition and amount. β‐Si 3 N 4 doped with Y 2 O 3 ‐Nd 2 O 3 (YN system) or Y 2 O 3 ‐A1 2 O 3 (YA system) was sintered at 1700°‐2000°C. Thermal conductivity increased…
Some new examples of favorable interactions between additives in flame retardant formulations have been found. These include the following: phosphorus combinations such as triphenyl phosphate with a tetraphenyl phenylene diphosphate, and char-former combinations such as novolacs with polyphenylene oxide in styrenics,…
The crystal structure and lithium intercalation properties of commercially available synthetic and natural graphites were investigated using x‐ray diffraction and electrochemical voltage spectroscopy techniques. It has been found that most graphites are a mixture of hexagonal and rhombohedral phases. A specific x‐ray…
This article investigates the limitations on the formation of focused ion beam images from secondary electrons. We use the notion of the information content of an image to account for the effects of resolution, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio and show that there is a competition between the rate at which small fea…
Fine particles of barium titanate single crystal with an average particle size of about 66 nm were prepared by a hydrothermal method. In the as-prepared sample, there was a large amount of the hydroxyl group and barium vacancy, and its crystal structure was assigned to cubic with an expanded lattice using a Rietveld m…
The visible photoluminescence of porous Si is quenched by nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide to detection limits of 1.4 × 10(-)(3) and 5.3 × 10(-)(5) Torr, respectively (corresponding to 2 ppm and 70 ppb). At analyte partial pressures in the low milliTorr range, the photoluminescence quenching is partially reversible;…
The optical properties of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$-doped fluorophosphate glasses of composition (in mol %) 60 ${\mathrm{NaPO}}_{3}$-${15\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{F}}_{2}$-(25-x)${\mathrm{YF}}_{3}$-x${\mathrm{EuF}}_{3}$ (x=0.5, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) have been investigated in the 4.2--300 K temperature range by using…
To improve the blood compatibility of a segmented polyurethane (SPU), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer was blended with the SPU. The MPC was copolymerized with cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA) or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA), and the MPC polymers obtained could be dissolved in the same solvent…
In nonwovens, fiber orientation is an important characteristic because it directly influences the properties of the material. In a series of papers, we plan to explore the viability of image analysis algorithms for characterizing fiber orientation. In the first part of this series, we present a simulation scheme to pr…
High‐pressure sintering of nanocrystalline γ‐A1 2 O 3 has been studied over a temperature range of 923‐1323 K and at a pressure of 1 GPa. The γ‐Al 2 O 3 to α‐Al 2 O 3 transformation temperature changed from 1473 K without pressure to ∼1023 K at 1 GPa. Full density was obtained at 1273 and 1323 K in 10 min. The microha…
Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) powders were prepared by a polymerized complex method based on the Pechini‐type reaction route, wherein a mixed solution of citric acid (CA), ethylene glycol (EG), and barium and titanium ions, with a molar ratio of CA:EG:Ba:Ti = 10:40:1:1, was polymerized to form a transparent resin, which…
Abstract Aqueous organic contaminants, such as gasoline‐derived aromatics, are effectively sorbed by organo‐clays. Organo‐clays were prepared from montmorillonite (SWy‐1, SAz‐1) and vermiculite (VSC) clay minerals by exchanging quaternary, alkylammonium cations for the inorganic exchange cations; thus, a variety of cl…
The biodiversity and occurrence in nature of bioplastic-degrading microorganisms are exemplified by the identification of 695 strains, isolated from different environments, such as soils, composts, natural waters, and sludge, that are able to degrade the bacterial polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)in vitro. These micro…
We present results of an ab initio molecular-dynamics study of glassy ${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ using a 216 atom model. The network topology of our model is analyzed through partial pair correlations, angle distributions, partial static structure factors, and ring structures. The total static structure factor and first sh…
The procedure for three-dimensional additive lithography with electron-beam induced deposition is applied in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an image processor beam control system for lithography. Employing organometallic materials, which contain gold or platinum, quantum dots, resistors, and field emitte…
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase, which reductively liberates nitrite from nitrate esters, is related to old yellow enzyme. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase follows a ping-pong mechanism with competitive substrate inhibition by NADPH, is strongly inhibited by steroids, and is capable of reducing the unsatu…
This book covers the most important issues of plasma - wall interactions in nuclear fusion devices. Several authors, all actively working in that particular field, have written articles on surface phenomena (erosion mechanisms, particle recyling, wall coatings and ablation) and bulk material properties (thermal stabil…
A semi-empirical model has been developed for additive diffusion in polymers. The model estimates apparent diffusion coefficients of an additive migrating through polyolefin polymers into a fatty food simulant for a range of temperatures between the glass transition and melting temperatures of the polymer. This diffus…